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7%, 9.8%, and 10.5%, respectively). Female gender (RR 1.86, CI 1.35-2.54, p less then 0.001), Medicare insurance (RR 2.39, CI 1.41-4.04, p less then 0.001), and Medicaid insurance (RR 3.45, CI 2.37-5.04, p less then 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for ED utilization at 90 days postoperative. Of all patients that presented to the ED, only 3.9% were admitted to the hospital. CONCLUSION ED visits following elective hip arthroscopy are uncommon. The most common reason for a visit is postoperative pain, followed by gastrointestinal and neurologic complaints. After accounting for confounding, female gender, Medicare and Medicaid insurance status, and hypertension were risk factors for all-cause ED visits at up to 90 days postoperative. Only 4% of patients that present to the ED require inpatient hospital admission. A journal article's title gives authors one chance to make a first impression, and communicate succinctly the findings from their important research. The goal of a research article rests in disseminating information. Both authors and academic journals benefit from increasing the number of times an investigation is cited. A scientific manuscript title accurately summarizes the research using keywords that can be identified with search engines. This review aims to condense evidence-based research to improve a scientific manuscript title for both clarity and impact. PURPOSE s (1) To report minimum two-year patient-reported outcome score (PROs) of primary circumferential acetabular labral reconstruction using anterior tibialis allograft and the knotless pull-through technique in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and irreparable labral tears and (2) to compare these PROs to a matched-pair primary labral repair group. METHODS Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they underwent primary circumferential labral reconstruction using anterior tibialis tendon allograft during January 2016 to March 2017 for irreparable labral tears and FAIS, had postoperative scores for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score Sports-Specific (HOS-SSS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), 12-item Short From Health Survey both Physical and Mental components, Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey both Physical Mental, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, that were colle HOS-SSS, iHOT-12, VAS. All hips in the reconstruction group were successfully matched to 111 labral repair hips. At latest follow-up, improvements for all PROs between the two groups were comparable. The revision rate was 0% and 3.6% for the reconstruction and repair groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS Following primary hip arthroscopy, primary circumferential labral reconstruction utilizing anterior tibialis allograft and the knotless pull-through technique in the setting of FAIS and irreparable labral tears resulted in significant improvement in several PROs at minimum two-year follow-up and patient satisfaction. Primary circumferential labral reconstruction reached comparable functional outcomes when compared to a benchmark matched-pair primary labral repair control group. PURPOSE This retrospective study aimed to investigate the incidence of axillary nerve palsy after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization and to measure the distance between the nerve and capsule in shoulders with a capsular lesion. METHODS This study included 2027 shoulders (1909 patients; 1433 males, 476 females; mean age, 32 [13-81] years) subjected to arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization for recurrent shoulder instability from 2005 to 2017. Exclusion criteria were bone grafting or transfer and preoperative axillary nerve symptoms. We retrospectively reviewed patient records and investigated the incidence and clinical features of axillary nerve palsy. check details We measured the closest distance between the axillary nerve and capsule on preoperative magnetic resonance images. RESULTS Postoperative axillary nerve palsy occurred in four shoulders (0.2% of all arthroscopic stabilizations). Capsular repair was performed in two shoulders (1.2% of 160 capsular repairs), humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) repair in one shoulder (2% of 47 HAGL repairs), and isolated Bankart repair in one shoulder (0.05% of 1941 Bankart repairs). The closest distance between the nerve and capsule was 3.4±3.2 mm in shoulders with capsule or HAGL lesion and less then 1mm in the three shoulders with palsy. The common symptoms for axillary nerve palsy cases were shoulder discomfort, delayed recovery of range of motion, and deltoid weakness and atrophy. A definite diagnosis was made with electromyography in all cases. Nerve injury by a suture was confirmed during revision surgery in three shoulders subjected to capsular or HAGL repair in the initial surgery. The palsy was transient and fully recovered in one shoulder with isolated Bankart repair. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of axillary nerve palsy after arthroscopic soft-tissue shoulder stabilization was low but higher in shoulders subjected to capsular or HAGL repair. We should always consider the possibility of axillary nerve palsy in shoulders that require capsular or HAGL repair. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) malfunctioning has been proposed to contribute to the endothelial damage produced by cigarette. Besides eNOS, neuronal NOS (nNOS) is also expressed in most vascular tissues and plays an important role in the endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. We hypothesize that nNOS may contribute to the endothelium dysfunction produced by cigarette in smokers. Vascular function was assessed in human resistance mesenteric arteries using a wire myograph, the level of protein expression by Western blot, eNOS and nNOS localization by immunofluorescence. Measurement of NO was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Arteries of smokers showed impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in response to acetylcholine. Pharmacological nonselective blockade of NOS with l-NAME and selective nNOS blockade with inhibitor 1 reduced the relaxation of the mesenteric artery of both smokers and nonsmokers. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of NOS inhibitors was greater in nonsmokers than in smokers.