Hyllestedkiilerich0260

Polysaccharides are important active constituents of Radix Puerariae lobatae (RPL). In this study, a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from RPL was successfully obtained by HP-20 macroporous resin and purified by Sepharose G-100 column chromatography. #link# Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the main glycosidic bonds were composed of α-1,3-linked and α-1,4-linked glucose. The molecular weight of PL-S2 was 18.73 kDa. The hypolipidemic effect of PL-S2 on hyperlipidemic rats was evaluated in histopathology and metabolomics analyses. PL-S2 significantly reduced plasma lipid levels and inhibited bile acid metabolism. We also demonstrated that treatment with PL-S2 activated FXR, CYP7A1, BESP, and MRP2 in rat liver. Our findings first indicate that PL-S2 decreases plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats by activating the FXR signaling pathway and promoting bile acid excretion. Therefore, PL-S2 derived from RPL is implicated as a functional food factor with lipid-regulating activity, and highlighted as a potential food supplement for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.A denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas veronii A-6-5 was isolated from a deep aquifer contaminated with nitrates and uranium. The O-polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of P. veronii A-6-5 and studied using sugar analysis and 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The trisaccharide O-repeating unit was found to have the following structure [Formula see text] [Formula see text] where Hb is 3-hydroxybutanoyl. The genome of P. veronii A-6-5 was sequenced and a respective OPS gene cluster was identified. Functions of the proteins encoded in the gene cluster, including the enzymes involved in the O-polysaccharide biosynthesis and glycosyl transferases, were putatively assigned by comparison with available database sequences. Formation of a new coordination bond between uranyl and the O-polysaccharide from P. veronii A-6-5 was demonstrated using FTIR spectroscopy; it may affect uranyl migration in the groundwaters due to its immobilization on microbial biofilms. Applied importance of this work is that the structure of the O-polysaccharide of a strain isolated from uranium-contaminated groundwater was determined and the character of interaction between the polysaccharide and the uranyl ion was established. The data obtained are of importance for development of the biotechnologies for treatment of uranium-contaminated groundwater and activated sludge.Green and functional bio based adsorbents based on naturally derived polysaccharides have attracted considerable interest owing to their non-toxicity, biodegradability, flexible design, and wide origins. Here, smart polyelectrolyte complex (PEC SC1-SC4) hydrogels were developed by self-assembling of different ratios of salecan and chitosan lactate (CL) for clean-up of nickel ion (Ni2+) from wastewater. Preparation process was rapid and eco-friendly, without any toxic cross-linkers. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly-3475070.html between polysaccharides were studied by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, and TGA. Particularly, the content of salecan and CL could be precisely modulated to tailor the swelling ability, micromorphology, and stiffness of the hydrogels. Ni2+ adsorption onto the hydrogels was dependent on salecan/CL ratio, pH, initial ion concentration, and contact time. SC4 showed the highest Ni2+ uptake, but it was too brittle. SC3 was selected for absorption studies. The equilibrium adsorption data commendably matched the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, demonstrating monolayer chemical adsorption mechanisms. The maximum Ni2+ adsorption derived from Langmuir model was 414.9 mg/g, superior to many reported Ni2+ adsorbents. Most strikingly, SC3 performed good recyclability, and the adsorption capacity still kept 95.3% even after five adsorption/desorption cycles. Hopefully, the prepared SC3 hydrogel is a potential agent for treatment of wastewater contaminated with Ni2+ ion.Genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recent studies have suggested that chemerin (encoded by the RARRES2 gene) is a risk factor for the development of DKD. We investigate the relationship between RARRES2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DKD and their correlation with serum chemerin levels in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 256 individuals with T2D were enrolled in this case-control study and classified into normo-, micro- and macroalbuminuria groups according to their urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). All exons of the RARRES2 gene were sequenced by polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing, and 7 SNPs were genotyped. We found that the minor alleles of rs1047207, rs1047575 and rs1047586 were significantly associated with macroalbuminuria. Carriers of the minor allele of rs1047575 and rs1047586 also had higher urinary albumin (U-Alb) and UACR levels under both homo- and heterozygotic conditions than carriers of the major allele under the homozygotic condition. The minor alleles of rs1047207, rs1047575 and rs1047586 were significantly associated with increased serum chemerin levels under the homozygotic condition. These SNPs in the RARRES2 gene probably affect chemerin expression and likely confer susceptibility to albuminuria in individuals with T2D.This study investigates the impact of dual ionic and covalent cross-links (ion-XrL and cov-XrL) on the properties of chitosan-based (CTS) hydrogels as eco-friendly drug delivery systems (DDS) for the model drug diclofenac sodium (DCNa). Citric acid and a diiodo-trehalose derivative (ITrh) were the chosen ionic and covalent cross-linker, respectively. The novel hydrogels completely disintegrated within 96 h by means of a hydrolysis process mediated by the enzyme trehalase. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first time that a trehalose derivative has been used as a covalent cross-linker in the formation of biodegradable hydrogels. The impact of CTS concentration and degree of cov-XrL on rheological parameters were examined by means of an experimental model design and marked differences were found between the materials. Hydrogels with maximum elastic properties were achieved at high CTS concentrations and high degrees of cov-XrL. DCNa-loaded formulations displayed well-controlled drug-release profiles strongly dependent on formulation composition (from 17% to 40% in 72 h). Surprisingly, higher degrees of covalent cross-linking led to a boost in drug release. The formulations presented herein provides a simple and straightforward pathway to design fully biodegradable, tailor-made controlled drug delivery systems with improved rheological properties.Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a hypoglycemic polysaccharide with a wide range of molecular weights. But study on hypoglycemic effects of KGMs relate to molecular weight is limited. In this study, KGMs with high and medium molecular weights, and the degraded KGMs were analyzed with physicochemical properties, hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms. Results showed that as the molecular weight KGMs decreased, the viscosity decreased, molecular flexibility increased, while chemical groups, crystal structures and main chains showed little change. KGMs with medium molecular weights (KGM-M1, KGM-M2) showed better effects on increasing body weight, decreasing levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and enhancing integrity of pancreas and colon, than KGMs with high or low molecular weights (KGM-H, KGM-L) in type 2 diabetic rats. Mechanism analysis suggested that KGM-M1 and KGM-M2 had higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on elevating superoxide dismutase, decreasing malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. Moreover, KGM-M1 and KGM-M2 increased gut microbiota diversity, Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and Muribaculaceae, decreased Romboutsia and Klebsiella, and improved 6 diabetic related metabolites. Combined, KGM-M1 and KGM-M2 showed higher hypoglycemic effects, due to regulatory activities of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, intestinal microbiota, and relieved metabolic disorders.Naturally occurring thymine (TM) was incorporated into bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) polyester to fabricate a novel and green biocomposite. Both 0.5% and 1% TM exhibit supernucleation effect on PHB, and crystallization kinetics suggests TM significantly increased Tc and Xc, and substantially shortened t1/2 of PHB. link2 Epitaxial nucleation caused by a perfect crystal lattice matching between PHB and TM, was proposed to elucidate nucleation mechanism of PHB. Hydrogen bond interaction exists between CO, C-O-C groups of PHB and -CH3 (or -CH)/-NH- group of TM. TM interacted with CO group of PHB crystalline phase rather than that of amorphous one. In addition, two new IR crystalline bands assigned to C-O-C group of PHB appeared in the presence of TM, which arises from shift of two amorphous ones, respectively. TM enhanced onset thermal degradation temperature of PHB, mainly attributed to increased degree of crystallinity of PHB and flame retardance effect of TM.The impact of secondary polysaccharide, i.e., low methoxyl pectin (LMP) or κ-carrageenan (KC), and its concentration (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) on particle size, shape, morphological, textural properties and swelling behavior of sodium alginate (ALG)- based double-network hydrogel particles, as well as the viability of encapsulated probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in simulated sequential gastrointestinal (GI) digestion was investigated. We found the addition of LMP impaired the sphericity of double-network hydrogel particles, while the incorporation of KC increased the particle size. The FT-IR results indicated the miscibility and cross-linking capacity of the two polysaccharides in forming double-network hydrogel particles. With respect to the swelling behavior in simulated GI digestion, all hydrogel particles shrank in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) but swelled in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Among the two types of double-networking, ALG-KC hydrogel particles showed noticeable shrank in SGF in conjunction with the reduced swelling in SIF, which was unfavorable for protection and the controlled release of probiotics. link3 In the case of death rate of encapsulated LGG, the presence of LMP at a lower level (0.2 or 0.4%) exhibited protective effect against LGG death during the sequential GI digestion, while addition of KC demonstrated an opposite role.Integrated fractionation process based on autohydrolysis (H) and subsequent formic acid delignification (FAD) has been considered as an effective strategy to separate the main lignocellulosic components in view of the biorefinery. For the better understanding of the structural changes of the lignin during the integrated process, the fractionated aspen lignins were thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT IR), 13C, two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared to the milled wood lignin (MWL), the fractionated lignins had higher amounts of phenolic OH groups as due to the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages and less alcoholic OH groups mainly due to the esterification of the aliphatic OH groups by formic acid. Demethylation action of the lignin was not significant during the FAD process. More syringyl-propane (S) units were extracted during the H-FAD process than guaiacyl-propane (G) units resulting in a higher S/G ratio and more OCH3 in the fractionated lignins.