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In children, the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID) being severe is low. However, the risk of persistent symptoms following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is uncertain in this age group, and the features of "long COVID" are poorly characterized. We reviewed the 14 studies to date that have reported persistent symptoms following COVID in children and adolescents. Almost all the studies have major limitations, including the lack of a clear case definition, variable follow-up times, inclusion of children without confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reliance on self- or parent-reported symptoms without clinical assessment, nonresponse and other biases, and the absence of a control group. Of the 5 studies which included children and adolescents without SARS-CoV-2 infection as controls, 2 did not find persistent symptoms to be more prevalent in children and adolescents with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This highlights that long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated symptoms are difficult to distinguish from pandemic-associated symptoms.

Perinatal transmission of HIV has dramatically decreased in high-income countries in the last few years with current rates below 1%, but it still occurs in high-risk situations, mainly pregnant women with late diagnosis of infection, poor antiretroviral adherence and a high viral load (VL). In these high-risk situations, many providers recommend combined neonatal prophylaxis (CNP). Our aim was to evaluate the safety and toxicity of CNP in infants deemed at high-risk of HIV infection among mother-infant pairs in the Madrid Cohort.

Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study between years 2000 and 2019. The subgroup of newborns on CNP and their mothers were retrospectively selected (cohort A) and compared with those who received monotherapy with zidovudine (cohort B). Infants with monotherapy were classified according to treatment regimes in long (6 weeks) and short (4 weeks) course.

We identified 227 newborns (33.3% preterm and 7 sets of twins) with CNP. A maternal diagnosis of HIV-1 infection was established during the current pregnancy in 72 cases (36.4%) and intrapartum or postpartum in 31 cases (15.7%). Most infants received triple combination antiretroviral therapy (65.6%; n = 149). The perinatal transmission rate in cohort A was 3.5% (95% confidence interval 1.13%-5.92%). Infants from cohort A developed anemia (26.1% vs. 19.4%, P = 0.14) and neutropenia more frequently at 50-120 days (21.4% vs. 10.9%, P < 0.01), without significant differences in grade 3 and 4 anemia or neutropenia between the two cohorts. read more There were no differences in increased alanine aminotransferase. Neutropenia was more common in the long zidovudine regimes.

Our findings provide further evidence of the safety of CNP in infants with high-risk of HIV-1 perinatal transmission.

Our findings provide further evidence of the safety of CNP in infants with high-risk of HIV-1 perinatal transmission.

Human cosavirus (HCosV) is a newly recognized virus that seems to be partly related to nonpolio flaccid paralysis and acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. However, the relationship between HCosV and diseases in humans is unclear. To assess an investigation for the occurrence of HCosV among pediatric patients involved in meningitis and encephalitis, we implemented a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of HCosV in stool specimens.

In this study, a total of 160 cerebrospinal fluid samples from September 2019 to October 2020 were collected from presenting pediatric patients with meningitis and encephalitis in a Karaj hospital, Iran. After viral RNA extraction, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the 5'Un-Translated Region region of the HCosV genome and viral load was analyzed.

Of the 160 samples tested, the HCosV genomic RNA was detected in 2/160 (1.25%) of samples. The minimum viral load of HCosV was 3.5 × 103 copies/mL from 4 years male patient. The maximum viral load was determined to be 2.4 × 105 copies/mL in one sample obtained from 3.5 years female patient.

This is the first documentation of HCosV detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples that better demonstrates relation of HCosV with neurologic diseases including meningitis and encephalitis. Also, these results indicate that HCosV has been circulating among Iranian pediatric patients.

This is the first documentation of HCosV detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples that better demonstrates relation of HCosV with neurologic diseases including meningitis and encephalitis. Also, these results indicate that HCosV has been circulating among Iranian pediatric patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of high-intensity, low-volume interval training (HIIT-low volume) compared with moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT) in adults with metabolic syndrome.

This is a controlled, randomized, clinical trial in patients without history of ischemic heart disease or diabetes, who underwent a supervised, 3 sessions/week, 12-week treadmill exercise program. The HIIT-low volume (n = 29) sessions consisted of 6 intervals with 1-minute, high-intensity phases at 90% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). The MICT (n = 31) trained at 60% of VO2peak for 30 minutes. A new approach to record and classify all clinical events according to possible causality based on Naranjo's algorithm was developed.

Patients were 50.8 +/- 6.0 years old, 70% women, with body mass index of 30.6 +/- 4.0 kg/m2 and VO2peak of 29.0 +/- 6.3 mL[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1. In total, 60 clinical events were recorded in the HIIT-low volume group and 48 in the MICT group, with 59.3% lower limbs.

Children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (HCP) tend preferentially to bear their body weight on the non-paretic side, which leads to the emergence of asymmetrical walking patterns and limited ability to maintain balance. Therefore, improved and clearly effective intervention strategies to remedy these impairments are needed.

This study endeavored to evaluate the efficacy of an accommodating variable-resistance exercise (AVr-Ex) program on weight-bearing symmetry, gait symmetry, and dynamic balance in children with HCP.

This study employed a parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled design.

Physical Therapy Outpatient Clinic and University Hospital, and a tertiary referral hospital.

Thirty-six children with HCP aged between eight and 16 years were assigned randomly to the AVr-Ex group (n = 18) or Control group (n = 18).

Children in the AVr-Ex group undergone an AVr-Ex program, three sessions/week over eight consecutive weeks, besides the usual physical therapy while children in the Contrprograms for such a patient population.

AVr-Ex is likely an effective training paradigm to address weight-bearing/gait asymmetry and balance issues in children with HCP, which provides the basis for its incorporation in rehabilitation programs for such a patient population.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had wide-ranging impacts across international healthcare systems and direct impacts on rehabilitation professionals. Few outcome data for cardiac patients undergoing rehabilitation programs during the COVID-19 pandemic are available.

We conducted a study to compare the effect of modified rehabilitation therapies mainly performed in wards versus conventional therapies mainly performed in rehabilitation units in which exercise on a treadmill and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were available.

The observational study involved 55 consecutive inpatients who were admitted to a university hospital and underwent a cardiac rehabilitation program from August 2019 to June 2020.

The patients were divided into two groups those admitted during the COVID-19 outbreak (Group A, n = 28) and those admitted before the COVID-19 outbreak (Group B, n = 27). The evaluation included age, sex, duration of the rehabilitation intervention program, days before initiation of the rehabilitation program, fhe modified cardiac rehabilitation program.Thoracostomy requires interdisciplinary teamwork. Even though thoracic drainage is a technical surgical procedure, nurses play an important role with major responsibilities during the procedure. This literature review aimed to identify articles related to the interdisciplinary management of thoracostomy. An integrative literature analysis between 2012 and 2019 with a qualitative approach was conducted. An analysis of articles written in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish was conducted. A search of the PubMed and SCIELO databases was performed using combinations of the terms "Chest Tube; Nursing; Care; Drainage; Insertion". The search terms were included in 11,277 articles. After excluding articles that did not meet the objective of our study, 475 abstracts were analysed. Finally, 19 articles were selected with content focused on nursing care, content related to surgical procedures, and interdisciplinary content. Themes included the following description of the procedure, interdisciplinary action, quality of the procedure, use of protocols for patient safety, and new technologies. In conclusion, interdisciplinary courses should be encouraged to improve interprofessional teamwork organization. Notwithstanding all these publications, the literature was fragmented into disciplines and isolated analyses. Each medical or nursing discipline addressed the aspects that pertain to its own responsibilities in the execution of the procedure. This review highlighted the need to develop interdisciplinary research and brought a source of rich information that can instrumentalize the creation of optimized processes for the interdisciplinary chest tube insertion.

Intravenous fluid administration is a vital component in the resuscitation of critically ill patients. In recent years, there have been many studies to help guide which fluids should be used for resuscitation. Currently, it appears that the international trend is away from the use of colloids and unbalanced crystalloids and towards the use of balanced crystalloids. The aim of our study was to determine whether evolving international evidence has impacted resuscitative fluid practices in the Emergency Department (ED) and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital in South Africa.

The study design was two-fold a cross-sectional physician survey and a retrospective longitudinal observational study of the pharmacy fluid purchase records from the combined ED and ICU.

Cross-sectional survey in 2020 a doctor was 8.3 times more likely to choose a balanced crystalloid for resuscitation regardless of the clinical scenario over any other fluid (CI 5.0-13.8). 55% of doctors surveyed agreed that their resuscitation fluid of choice had changed for a variety of reasons with the most popular reason cited as post-graduate education. Retrospective longitudinal observational study throughout the study period, balanced crystalloids were the majority fluid purchased, although in ED lactated Ringers was the preferred balanced crystalloid and in ICU PlasmaLyte was preferred. Minimal colloids were purchased over the study period in declining amounts.

Doctors working in a tertiary hospital in South Africa are following the trend of current evidence by using a balanced crystalloid as their resuscitation fluid of choice.

Doctors working in a tertiary hospital in South Africa are following the trend of current evidence by using a balanced crystalloid as their resuscitation fluid of choice.