Hoppermann5584

Introduction The unique physicochemical properties and chemical diversity of organofluorine compounds have remarkably contributed for their wide utility in the area of pharmaceuticals, materials and agrochemicals. The noteworthy characteristics of fluorine include high electron affinity, lipophilicity and bioavailability, extending the half-life of the drugs. The incorporation of fluorine substituents, particularly trifluoromethyl groups, into organic molecules has led to their high potency against various diseases, including malaria. Hence, organofluorinated molecules offer valuable avenues for the design of new drug candidates against malaria.Areas covered In this review, the authors discuss the importance of fluorine substituents present in the chemical compounds, and their potential applications for antimalarial drug discovery.Expert opinion Fluorinated molecules represent a reliable strategy to develop new antimalarial drugs. Fluorine or fluorinated groups have been identified as a promising precursor, and their presence in approximately twenty-five percent of approved drugs is notable. Selective fluorination of chemical entities has the potential to be applied not only to improve the activity profile against the malaria parasite, but could be extrapolated for favorable pharmacological applications. Hazardous reagents such as HF, F2 and SF4 used for fluorination, are not considered as safe, and therefore, this process remains challenging, particularly for the pharmaceutical industry.Two new 19-hydroxy bufadienolides, named bufohydrolide A (1) and bufohydrolide B (2), and four known analogs (3-6) were isolated from the aqueous extracts of the skins of Bufo melanosticus. Their structures were established by spectral data analyses, such as UV, IR, 1 D/2D NMR and mass spectra. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against SMMC-7721, HT-29 and A549 cells. Noteworthily, all six isolates exhibited various levels of anti-proliferative activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.02 ± 0.0002 to 25 ± 0.5 μM.The terminology and jargon used in medical interactions can pose particular challenges to understanding for patients, healthcare providers, and mediators in cases where a language barrier is present. Common medical words used in the interactional space may mean different things to each party present. This study focuses on 79 mediated and nonmediated South African and Italian recorded healthcare interactions in which a language barrier was present. Using a hybrid sociolinguistic approach, we examined how patients, mediators, and healthcare providers orient to the use of medical terminology and how both parties demonstrate understanding of terminology used in the interactional space. Talk-extrinsic data in the form of interviews with South African patients revealed a frequent lack of understanding of key terminology, yet we found few displays of a lack of understanding in the interactional data nor explicit requests by patients for clarification of terminology not understood. In both data sets, patients made use of medical terminology infrequently and usually when describing their symptoms. Healthcare providers used medical terminology quite regularly. We found limited evidence of explicit verification of patients' understanding of medical terminology by healthcare providers or mediators. Given the additional communication complexities inherent in health interactions where a language barrier is present and patients' tendency not to request clarification, the healthcare provider has a special responsibility to ensure that all parties understand the terminology brought into the interactional space. Direct checks of patient understanding of terminology can provide an effective and efficient way of revealing comprehension and establishing shared membership.Non-digestible carbohydrate (NDC) is a fiber that can be fermented into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in gut, represented by resistant starch (RS) and inulin. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant cancer. Pre-clinical studies have reported that NDC can produce SCFAs to protect the gut epithelium, which is associated with prevention of CRC, but this role in clinical trails is controversial. In this review, we discusses whether RS and inulin should be offered to cancer/precancerous patients or healthy subjects to decrease their risk of CRC. A multiple database search was conducted for studies published on RS/inulin supplementation as a chemopreventive method from 1989 to 2019. The meta-analysis showed the total SCFAs and butyrate concentrations (P = 0.84; P = 0.79), and excretions (P = 0.55; P = 0.63) in feces did not increase significantly after RS/inulin supplementation. Only two studies reported that RS/inulin inhibit the proliferation of large bowel epithelial, whereas 15 studies showed that it does not decrease the risk of neoplasia. RS/inulin restored the promotion of tumor risk factors in two studies and did not in four studies. Notably, the other four studies showed that RS increases pro-tumorigenesis mechanisms. The clinical evidences consistently show that RS/inulin is ineffective for preventing colorectal neoplasia.Background Current recommendations for osteoarthritis of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) are confined to implant arthroplasty to preserve joint motion and provide pain relief. This study documents the median 2-year results of a novel soft tissue arthroplasty technique that interposes the dorsal capsule. Methods A retrospective review of 10 MCPJ dorsal capsule interposition arthroplasties in 8 patients was conducted. Physical evaluation assessed MCPJ range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and pain. Outcome tests used were the Michigan Hand Outcome Score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH). Kellgren and Lawrence Classification assessed severity of MCPJ osteoarthritis on preoperative radiographs. Results The mean follow-up was 29 months from surgery. Average VAS was 2/10 postoperatively and average postoperative ROM improved 7 degrees. Average postoperative grip strength of the surgical hand was 30 kg. The QuickDASH average score was 24. Average Michigan Hand Questionnaire final score was 70. Patients with Kellgren Grades 2 or 3 osteoarthritis had the best QuickDASH and Michigan Hand Outcome scores. All patients working before surgery returned to work. No patient required a second surgery. Conclusion This technique of dorsal capsule interposition arthroplasty provides a viable surgical option for isolated degenerative or traumatic arthritis of the MCPJ at an average follow-up of 2 years. Pain relief was most reliably provided in patients with less severe radiograph findings. The advantages of this procedure include preservation of bony anatomy, collateral ligaments, and volar plate to not preclude later implant arthroplasty.Lyme disease remains a contested illness in Canada, thereby making the diagnostic and treatment journeys difficult for some people. One outcome of this is that increasing numbers of people are turning to medical crowdfunding to support access to alternative therapies, non-local health care providers and assist with managing the costs of everyday life. In this analysis, we qualitatively explore the narratives shared in Canadians' crowdfunding campaigns to support Lyme disease treatment or diagnosis to identify whether or not any common elements shared in these narratives exist, and if so, what they are. We identified 238 campaigns for inclusion from three prominent crowdfunding platforms. Thematic analysis of the campaign narratives shows four consistent themes shared in these campaigns what is lost (e.g. bodily ability), what is missing (e.g. local care options), what is sought (e.g. funds to cover treatment abroad) and what is hoped for (e.g. return to wellbeing). These themes demonstrate the highly personal and emotional nature of medical crowdfunding, particularly in the context of a contested illness that may lead some to question the legitimacy of one's financial need. This analysis contributes valuable new insights to the nascent scholarship on medical crowdfunding, and particularly to our understanding of how people communicate about their health and bodily needs on this public platform. It also identifies important directions for future research, including the potential for crowdfunding narratives to be used for advocacy.Background. Latinos have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, despite an overall increase in CRC screening over the past 10 years. To address this disparity, we implemented a promotor-led intervention to increase CRC screening test adherence in community-based settings, connecting community members with a partnering federally qualified health center. Purpose. To evaluate the Juntos Contra el Cáncer/Together Against Cancer (JUNTOS) intervention, by assessing pre-post changes in (1) CRC screening test adherence and (2) CRC knowledge and perceived barriers to CRC screening. We also assessed the feasibility and acceptability of program activities. Method. TrichostatinA JUNTOS was a group-based intervention, delivered by promotores (community health workers), to promote CRC screening test adherence among Latino adults. The intervention consisted of a culturally tailored 2½-hour interactive workshop followed by an appointment scheduling assistance from a promotor. Workshop participants were Latino adults (males and females) aged 50 to 75 years who were not up-to-date with CRC screening guidelines. We conducted interviews before and 6 to 9 months after the workshop to assess program outcomes. Results. Of the 177 participants included, 118 reported completing the CRC screening test (66.7%) by 6 to 9 months postintervention. We observed baseline to 6- to 9-month increase in CRC knowledge and lower perceived barriers to obtaining CRC screening. Furthermore, the intervention was found to be feasible and acceptable. Conclusion. Results suggest that JUNTOS can be feasibly implemented in partnership with a federally qualified health center. The current study supports group-based CRC interventions in community and clinic settings.Renal artery stenosis is a cause of resistant hypertension, which can present with several features such as severe hypertension, deterioration of renal function (with or without associated angiotensin-converting inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy), and flash pulmonary edema. When evaluating for the presence of renal artery stenosis, the most widely utilized imaging modalities are duplex ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography. In this article, we discuss the case of a 77-year-old female who presented with shortness of breath and mild pulmonary edema, secondary to hypertensive emergency. Later, she was diagnosed with renal artery stenosis and underwent stent placement in the left renal artery. Our case highlights the different diagnostic modalities and emphasizes that the most commonly used screening, which is duplex ultrasonography, was performed on our patient but gave a false-negative result, despite high-grade stenosis, which was later diagnosed on computed tomography angiography.