Hoodgarrett0872
Hip range of motion (ROM) during baseball pitching is associated with trunk rotation and shoulder kinematics, which has shown to influence medial elbow valgus loading and pitching performance. The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship between hip rotational ROM and kinematic variables that influence elbow valgus loads in Division 1 collegiate pitchers.
Descriptive laboratory study.
Three-dimensional pitching motion (Motion Analysis Corp, Santa Rosa, California) analyses were captured for seven Division 1 baseball pitchers. Six kinematic measurements related to medial elbow valgus loading were calculated while the pitchers threw fastballs. Inclinometer measurements were used to measure hip internal (IR), external (ER) ROM, and total rotational arc at the hip (IR + ER ROM). Correlations were used to evaluate the association between hip IR, ER, and total rotational arc ROM (TRARC) and six kinematic variables.
Trunk angular velocity was correlated to trail hip ER and TRARC (p <0.01). Lead hip total arc ROM was associated with maximum shoulder ER (p < 0.01). Lead hip IR was correlated to elbow flexion angle at ball release (p < 0.01).
Hip ROM during pitching is associated with trunk angular velocity, maximum shoulder ER and elbow flexion angle at ball release. Alterations in hip TRARC appears to influence trunk rotation velocity leading to dependence on increased shoulder ROM and decreased elbow flexion angle at ball release which is associated with diminished pitching performance and excessive medial elbow valgus loads.
level 3.
level 3.
Training programs that include the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) have been shown to increase eccentric knee flexor strength and biceps femoris fascicle length in male athletes. However, the effect of NHE on female athletes remains unknown.
To investigate the collective and individual responses of professional female soccer players engaged in a preseason training program with the NHE regarding eccentric knee flexor strength and biceps femoris long head fascicle length.
Quasi-experimental study.
Sixteen amateur female soccer players (without a NHE training routine) were evaluated 8-weeks apart to (1) assess reliability of eccentric knee flexor strength and biceps femoris fascicle length measures; and (2) determine the typical error of measures that would be used to discriminate training responders and non-responders. The NHE training group had 17 professional female soccer players who performed an 8-week training program with the NHE during preseason. Within-group analysis was performed with paired sa8-week preseason training program with the NHE increased both eccentric knee flexor strength and biceps femoris fascicle length in professional female soccer players. More than two-thirds of players demonstrated a meaningful increase in eccentric strength, while nearly half achieved consistent fascicle length increases with the NHE training.
The Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) is a popular test used by sports medicine professionals to identify dysfunctional movement patterns by analyzing mobility and stability during prescribed movements. Although the FMS™ has been a popular topic of research in recent years, normative data and asymmetries in college-aged students have not been established through research.
The objective was to determine normative FMS™ scores, report frequency counts for FMS™ asymmetries, and determine if the number of sports seasons and number of different sports an individual participated in during high school varied between university students that showed FMS™ identified asymmetries.
Cross-sectional Study.
One hundred university students completed the FMS™ and an associated survey to determine which sport(s) and for how many seasons they participated in each sport(s) during high school. Total FMS™ scores were assessed as well as identifying the presence of an asymmetry during a FMS™ screen. An asymmetry within the FM participating in multiple sports and multiple sport seasons was associated with fewer asymmetries, which may decrease subsequent injury risk.
3b.
3b.
The identification of risk factors for injury is a key step for musculoskeletal injury prevention in youth sports. Not identifying and correcting for injury risk factors may result in lost opportunity for athletic development. Physical maturation and sex affect these characteristics, which may indicate the need for both age and sex-based injury prevention programs.
This study examined age and sex differences in knee strength, static balance, jump height, and lower extremity landing biomechanics in school- and high school-age athletes.
Cross-sectional.
Forty healthy school aged (10.8±0.8 yrs) and forty high school (16.8±0.8 yrs) athletes completed isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength tests, single-leg static balance and single-leg vertical stop jump tasks.
High school athletes were significantly stronger (~67% and 35% stronger for males and females, respectively) and jumped higher (regardless of sex) compared to school age athletes. High school males had worse balance (~28%) compared to theds to existing knowledge The current study looks at multiple neuromuscular and biomechanical variables in male and female participants at different maturation statuses. The current data supports the significant changes observed in strength and jump height, as both genders age, but the data also demonstrates significant differences in balance between age groups in males and between genders in balance and knee flexion angles.
With the increased popularity of foam rolling (FR), it is important to establish the exact manner in which the practice is useful.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of FR the iliotibial (IT) band on hip adduction range of motion (ROM) and the short-term time course of any ROM changes that may occur.
In a within-subject design, 34 subjects (21 female, 13 male) (female mean age 24.67 ± 8.6 yrs, height 161.4 ± 9.8 cm, mass 67.3 ± 12.3 kg; male mean age 22 ± 2.5 yrs, height 170.2 ± 8.2 cm, mass 76.3 ± 21.9 kg) underwent a baseline Ober's test to measure hip adduction ROM prior to the FR and control conditions. Subjects rolled the lateral portion of each thigh for 3 bouts of 20 seconds. A tempo of 3 seconds down and 3 seconds up the leg was maintained across FR bouts. A 5-minute walk served as the control condition. The Ober's test was repeated at less than 1 minute, 3 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes following the FR bouts and the control to assess changes in hip adduction ROM over time. A blinded clinician conducted the Ober's test. A two-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences by condition and time.
No differences in hip adduction ROM were found at baseline between FR and CON within subjects (27.9 cm ± 7.5 vs.27.7 cm ± 6.6,
> .05). Ober's test ROM was significantly greater in FR compared to CON immediately post-treatment (24.2 cm ± 6.3 vs.28.2 cm ± 6.3,
= .00,
= .59), and 3 minutes post (24.6 cm ± 7.6 vs.28.3 cm ± 5.9,
= .00,
= .56). No differences were observed 10 minutes post, 15 minutes post, or 20 minutes post FR or CON (
> .05).
Compared to walking, FR the IT band significantly increased hip adduction ROM as measured by the Ober's test. These increases appear to dissipate between 3 and 10 minutes post-FR.
An acute bout of 3 sets of 20 seconds of FR may be effective for transiently increasing ROM. Whether these short-term increases have implications for chronic flexibility changes is unclear.
2.
2.
There is convincing evidence that dancers suffer injuries to the triceps surae musculature. Research on the immediate effects of dry needling (DN) is limited, and it is important to understand the acute effects of this treatment prior to performance.
The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the immediate effects of DN on myofascial trigger points in terms of skin surface temperature, pain, active and passive range of motion, and torque production in the triceps surae of ballet dancers.
Randomized, double-blinded pilot study.
Professional ballet dancers that fit inclusion and exclusion criteria (n=11) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The dancers had three pre-determined standard point (SP) measurement spots that were used as a baseline for surface temperature comparisons. The dancers were also palpated for trigger point (TP) spots. Both SP and TP spots were marked for future measurements. The experimental group received DN, while the control group received sham DN (SHAM) to their bilateral calves at the TP spots. Immediately prior to and following treatment, both DN and SHAM groups were tested for skin surface temperature, pain, range of motion, and plantar flexion torque by blinded assessors. Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were performed to examine for differences between groups.
The surface temperature for the TP was higher than the SP measurements prior to intervention (Right calf p= .014; Left calf p= .031). There were no significant changes in VAS scale reported pain and ROM. MLSI3 The plantar flexion torque measurements showed an increase in the DN group of the left calf at the angular velocity of 60 degrees/sec.
This was a unique pilot study examining the acute effects of DN on professional ballet dancers. The results were limited due to low sample size. However, the methodology for this study and surface temperature results invites future research.
Level 1b.
Level 1b.
Professional ballet dancers suffer high injury rates and are less likely than other athletes to specifically train to improve muscular strength, coordination, agility, speed and motor control because of heavy training demands, aesthetic appearances and financial barriers.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a supplemental conditioning program on professional and pre-professional contemporary ballet dancers. The authors hypothesized that those participating in a training program would reduce injury rate by improving their motor control, stability, balance and physical function. The authors aimed to observe the feasibility and qualitative phenomena related to a conditioning program from the dancer's perspective.
A mixed-methods study; within subject quasi-experimental design and qualitative interviews.
Six professional classical and contemporary ballet dancers completed the five-week conditioning and injury prevention training program. Non-parametric analysis of baseline, posttest anogram feasible and successful. More research is necessary to determine the effect of such programs on injury incidence.
3b.
3b.
Hop tests are commonly employed to evaluate functional limb symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
To investigate the ability of eight hop tests to identify functional limb asymmetry in patients after ACLR.
Prospective cohort.
Fifty patients were assessed 9-12 months following ACLR. Functional performance on both the operated and non-operated limb was assessed via eight hop tests, assessed in a randomised order. These included the single (SHD), triple (THD) and triple crossover (TCHD) hop for distance, 6m timed hop (6MTH), single medial (MHD) and single lateral (LHD) hop for distance, single countermovement jump (SLCMJ) and timed speedy hop (TSHT). Differences in Limb Symmetry Indices (LSIs) across hop tests were compared, while Pearson's correlations were undertaken to investigate the significance and strength of the association between hop test LSIs.
Significant differences were observed across hop LSIs (p<0.0001). Mean LSIs for the SHD (95.0%), 6MTH (95.0%), THD (96.1%) and TCHD (95.
