Hongdugan2356

erments obtained using D. hansenii L1-1. Researchers and manufacturers specializing in spices making can use these data to improve the aromatic profiles of natural spices produced by microorganisms, thereby obtaining unique aromas.

Monte Carlo simulations as well as analytical computations of proton transport in material media require accurate values of multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) angles. High-quality experimental data on MCS angles in the energy range for proton therapy are, however, sparse. In this work, MCS modeling in proton transport was evaluated employing an experimental method to measure these angles on a medical proton beamline in clinically relevant materials. Results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations and analytical models.

Aluminum, brass, and lucite (PMMA) scatterers of clinically relevant thicknesses were irradiated with protons at 100, 160, and 220MeV. Resulting spatial distributions of individual pencil beams were measured with a scintillating screen. The MCS angles were determined by deconvolution and a virtual point source approach. Results were compared to those obtained with the Monte Carlo codes PENH, TOPAS, and RayStation Monte Carlo, as well as the analytical models RayStation Pencil Beam Algorithm nical applications. The data may serve to validate dose engines of treatment planning systems and secondary dose check software. The Monte Carlo and analytical algorithms studied are capable of reproducing MCS data within the required accuracy for clinical applications.

The experimental method developed for the present work allowed to measure MCS angles in clinical proton facilities with good accuracy. Pirfenidone The presented method permits to extend the database on experimental MCS angles which is rather limited. This work further provides benchmark data for lucite in thicknesses relevant for clinical applications. The data may serve to validate dose engines of treatment planning systems and secondary dose check software. link2 The Monte Carlo and analytical algorithms studied are capable of reproducing MCS data within the required accuracy for clinical applications.

Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have problems with engaging in approach behaviour to potentially rewarding encounters, which contributes to the maintenance of depressive symptoms. Approach-avoidance training (AAT) retrains implicit approach tendencies, and behavioural activation (BA) promotes explicit approach behaviour in MDD. As a novel MDD treatment strategy, this study aimed to implement a brief, computerized version of BA integrated with implicit AAT.

Adults with a principal diagnosis of MDD (N=25) were randomly assigned to complete one of two versions of AAT - approach-positive faces (n=12) or balanced approach of positive and neutral faces (n=13) - concurrently with self-guided BA twice weekly for 2weeks.

Outcomes included treatment completion rates; bias scores for automatic approach towards positive social cues; and symptom scales for depression, positive affect, social relationship functioning, anhedonia, and anxiety.

Feasibility and acceptability of computerized BA+AAT were be determined which treatment components - AAT, BA, or both - contributed to positive clinical outcomes. Because BA+AAT was implemented in a research clinic, it remains unknown what treatment engagement and response would look like in community settings.

Brief, computerized behavioral activation plus approach/avoidance training (BA + AAT) may be acceptable and beneficial for some patients with moderate-to-severe major depression. Computer-delivered BA + AAT can be implemented as a largely self-guided program for MDD and could be administered remotely and/or with minimal clinician interaction. As this was a small proof of concept study, it cannot be determined which treatment components - AAT, BA, or both - contributed to positive clinical outcomes. Because BA + AAT was implemented in a research clinic, it remains unknown what treatment engagement and response would look like in community settings.

Diagnostic tests for allergy rely on detecting allergen-specific IgE. Component-resolved diagnostics incorporate multiple defined allergen components to improve the quality of diagnosis and patient care.

To develop a new approach for determining sensitization to specific allergen components that utilizes fluorescent protein tetramers for direct staining of IgE on blood basophils by flow cytometry.

Recombinant forms of Lol p 1 and Lol p 5 proteins from ryegrass pollen (RGP) and Api m 1 from honeybee venom (BV) were produced, biotinylated, and tetramerized with streptavidin-fluorochrome conjugates. Blood samples from 50 RGP-allergic, 41 BV-allergic, and 26 controls were incubated with fluorescent protein tetramers for flow cytometric evaluation of basophil allergen binding and activation.

Allergen tetramers bound to and activated basophils from relevant allergic patients but not controls. Direct fluorescence staining of Api m 1 and Lol p 1 tetramers had greater positive predictive values than basophil aophils has a high positive predictive value for disease, and the assay can be multiplexed for a component-resolved and differential diagnostic test for allergy.In this work, we characterize a previously synthesized multi-cationic aminopyrene-based labeling tag for oligosaccharide analysis by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE/LIF). The fluorescent tag, 4,4',4-(8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonyl)tris(1-methylpiperazine) (APTMP), was characterized by reaction with standard maltooligosaccharides and the labeling parameters such as fluorescent tag concentration, labeling temperature, and time as well as influence of a reducing agent and its solvent were investigated in terms of labeling efficiency. The nanomolar limit of detection of CE/LIF analysis of APTMP labeled maltopentaose was determined. However, significant amount of the oligosaccharides was reduced to alditols, which negatively affects the yield and rate of the labeling reaction. Under optimized conditions, a highly reproducible labeling by multi-cationic APTMP was obtained; however, the most commonly used labeling by multi-anionic 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (APTS) is superior compared to APTMP labeling. Lower reactivity of APTMP compared to APTS can be explained by the loss of nucleophilicity induced by substitution of the sulfonate groups with more electron-withdrawing aminosulfonyl ones. On contrary, APTMP is still a promising tag for oligosaccharide labeling followed by CE-MS in a positive ion mode, which is considered to be more sensitive than MS detection of APTS in a negative ion mode.

Contouring variation is one of the largest systematic uncertainties in radiotherapy, yet its effect on clinical outcome has never been analyzed quantitatively. We propose a novel, robust methodology to locally quantify target contour variation in a large patient cohort and find where this variation correlates with treatment outcome. We demonstrate its use on biochemical recurrence for prostate cancer patients.

We propose to compare each patient's target contours to a consistent and unbiased reference. This reference was created by auto-contouring each patient's target using an externally trained deep learning algorithm. Local contour deviation measured from the reference to the manual contour was projected to a common frame of reference, creating contour deviation maps for each patient. By stacking the contour deviation maps, time to event was modeled pixel-wise using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (CPHM). Hazard ratio (HR) maps for each covariate were created, and regions of significance flts of this methodology could inform contouring protocols based on actual patient outcomes.

To determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on antenatal depression in Turkish pregnant women.

In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 497 pregnant women between May and July 2020 using the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) to determine the effect of obstetrics history, fear of hospitalization, concerns about the pandemic, birth, and the health of both mother and infant, on antenatal depression during the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey.

The general EDS mean score of the total group was determined as mean 13.70 ± 6.22, which was higher than the critical cutoff point of 13. According to the multiple linear regression model applied in the study, the best predictive variables for the mean EDS score were determined to be concerned about completing a healthy pregnancy (r = -0.45), social media and news programs related to COVID-19 increasing levels of concern (r = -0.31), fear of hospitalization as the birth approaches (r = -0.45), having bad dreams during the COVID-19 pandemic (r = -0.41), the request for an elective cesarean delivery because of fear of catching COVID-19 (r = -0.40), fear of breastfeeding the infant (r = -0.45), and concerns that their own health would be negatively affected because of the pandemic (r = - 0.39), and these variables affected the mean EDS score negatively (total variance 40.5%, R = 0.642).

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need to implement specific antenatal programs to promote the psychological health of pregnant women and reduce antenatal depression during this or similar crises.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need to implement specific antenatal programs to promote the psychological health of pregnant women and reduce antenatal depression during this or similar crises.During evolution, land plants generated unique proteins that participate in endosomal sorting and multivesicular endosome (MVE) biogenesis, many of them with specific phosphoinositide-binding capabilities. Nonetheless, the function of most plant phosphoinositide-binding proteins in endosomal trafficking remains elusive. link3 Here, we analysed several Arabidopsis mutants lacking predicted phosphoinositide-binding proteins and first identified fyve4-1 as a mutant with a hypersensitive response to high-boron conditions and defects in degradative vacuolar sorting of membrane proteins such as the borate exporter BOR1-GFP. FYVE4 encodes a plant-unique, FYVE domain-containing protein that interacts with SNF7, a core component of ESCRT-III (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport III). FYVE4 affects the membrane association of the late-acting ESCRT components SNF7 and VPS4, and modulates the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) inside MVEs. The critical function of FYVE4 in the ESCRT pathway was further demonstrated by the strong genetic interactions with SNF7B and LIP5. Although the fyve4-1, snf7b and lip5 single mutants were viable, the fyve4-1 snf7b and fyve4-1 lip5 double mutants were seedling lethal, with strong defects in MVE biogenesis and vacuolar sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins. Taken together, we identified FYVE4 as a novel plant endosomal regulator, which functions in ESCRTing pathway to regulate MVE biogenesis.

Routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis (RAADP) to RhD-negative women is most often administered in gestational age (GA) 28-30weeks with the next anti-D dose administered postpartum. The aim of this study was to analyse the proportion of RhD-negative women where RAADP is not detectable at term and in a pilot study to investigate whether RAADP administered in GA 28 and 38 results in detectable levels at term, post-term and post-delivery.

In a retrospective analysis, 4280 RhD-negative women carrying an RHD positive fetus were included and the proportion with a negative antibody screen at delivery was determined. In the second part, 39 pregnancies were included prospectively, a second dose of RAADP was administered in GA 38weeks, and anti-D was quantified before the second dose and then weekly for 5weeks.

In the retrospective analysis, 20·5% (856/4280) with RAADP administered in GA 28 were negative in routine antibody screening at delivery. In the small prospective study, 18% (7/39) had a negative antibody screen and 26% (10/39) had levels below 0·005IU/ml, in the quantification assay, in GA 38.