Holmberman9011

Utilising normal incidence X-ray standing waves we rigourously scrutinise the "inverted model" as the adsorption structure of free-base tetraphenyl porphyrin on Cu(111). We demonstrate that the iminic N atoms are anchored at near-bridge adsorption sites on the surface displaced laterally by 1.1 ± 0.2 Å in excellent agreement with previously published calculations.Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have gained considerable attention for their desirable energy densities, high theoretical capacities, low cost and environmentally friendly properties. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides seriously hinders their future practical applications. Herein, a dual-function cathode structure, consisting of 3D porous FeP/rGO microspheres supported on both aluminum foil and a commercial separator, exhibits excellent performance by providing strong adsorption with respect to Li2Sx (x = 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8) and S8. In this rational design, the iron phosphide (FeP) nanoparticles act as a catalyst to accelerate polysulfide conversion and as the designated sites for adsorption. The 3D rGO porous conductive network can provide enough space for sulfur loading and to physically adsorb the polysulfides. More importantly, density functional theory (DFT) calculations also verified the strong interactions (with adsorption energy values of -4.21 to -1.97 eV) between the FeP(111) surface and the sulfur species. The electrochemical results show that the cell using the dual-function cathode structure delivers a capacity of 925.7 mA h g-1, with capacity degradation of 0.05% per cycle after 500 cycles, at a current density of 0.5C. It is also worth mentioning that the cell with sulfur loading of ∼2.2 mg cm-2 maintained a high capacity of 483 mA h g-1 at 0.5C after 500 cycles. In summary, the above results demonstrate the promising application of the dual-function cathode structure for high-performance LSBs.Mutational signatures are patterns of mutations that arise during tumorigenesis. We present an enhanced, practical framework for mutational signature analyses. Applying these methods on 3,107 whole genome sequenced (WGS) primary cancers of 21 organs reveals known signatures and nine previously undescribed rearrangement signatures. We highlight inter-organ variability of signatures and present a way of visualizing that diversity, reinforcing our findings in an independent analysis of 3,096 WGS metastatic cancers. Signatures with a high level of genomic instability are dependent on TP53 dysregulation. We illustrate how uncertainty in mutational signature identification and assignment to samples affects tumor classification, reinforcing that using multiple orthogonal mutational signature data is not only beneficial, it is essential for accurate tumor stratification. Finally, we present a reference web-based tool for cancer and experimentally-generated mutational signatures, called Signal (https//signal.mutationalsignatures.com), that also supports performing mutational signature analyses.Rational synthesis of materials is a long-term challenging issue due to the poor understanding on the formation mechanism of material structure and the limited capability in controlling nanoscale crystallization. The emergent in situ electron microscope provides an insight to this issue. By employing an in situ scanning electron microscope, silver crystallization is investigated in real time, in which a reversible crystallization is observed. To disclose this reversible crystallization, the radicals generated by the irradiation of electron beam are calculated. It is found that the concentrations of radicals are spatiotemporally variable in the liquid cell due to the diffusion and reaction of radicals. The fluctuation of the reductive hydrated electrons and the oxidative hydroxyl radicals in the cell leads to the alternative dominance of the reduction and oxidation reactions. The reduction leads to the growth of silver crystals while the oxidation leads to their dissolution, which results in the reversible silver crystallization. A regulation of radical distribution by electron dose rates leads to the formation of diverse silver structures, confirming the dominant role of local chemical concentration in the structure evolution of materials. Copyright © 2020 Ting Liu et al.Background Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is frequently obtained at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for clinical characterization of CNS tumors. In this study, we describe the diagnostic reliability of the Foundation Medicine (FM) targeted NGS platform and its ability to explore and identify tumor characteristics of prognostic significance in gliomas. Methods Neuro-oncology patients seen at UCLA who have received FM testing between August 2012 and March 2019 were included in this study, and all mutations from FM test reports were recorded. Initial tumor diagnoses and diagnostic markers found via standard clinical methods were obtained from pathology reports. With overall and progression-free survival data, elastic net regularized Cox regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine whether any mutations of unknown significance detected by FM could predict patient outcome in glioblastoma (GBM). Results Six hundred and three samples tested by FM from 565 distinct patients were identified. Concordance of diagnostic markers was high between standard clinical testing methods and FM. Oligodendroglial markers detected via FM were highly correlated with 1p19q codeletion in IDH mutated gliomas. FM testing of multiple tumor samples from the same patient demonstrated temporal and spatial mutational heterogeneity. Mutations in BCORL1, ERBB4, and PALB2, which are mutations of unknown significance in GBM, were shown to be statistically significant in predicting patient outcome. Conclusions In our large cohort, we found that targeted NGS can both reliably and efficiently detect important diagnostic markers in CNS tumors. Veliparib © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press, the Society for Neuro-Oncology and the European Association of Neuro-Oncology.Background Several studies demonstrated that glioblastoma multiforme progression and recurrence is linked to epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in glioma progression, invasion, and treatment response and is a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of 2-[18F]BzAHA for quantitative imaging of SIRT1 expression-activity and monitoring pharmacologic inhibition in a rat model of intracerebral glioma. Methods Sprague Dawley rats bearing 9L (N = 12) intracerebral gliomas were injected with 2-[18F]BzAHA (300-500 µCi/animal i.v.) and dynamic positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed for 60 min. Then, SIRT1 expression in 9L tumors (N = 6) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). Two days later, rats with 9L gliomas were treated either with SIRT1 specific inhibitor EX-527 (5 mg/kg, i.p.; N = 3) or with histone deacetylases class IIa specific inhibitor MC1568 (30 mg/kg, i.p.; N = 3) and 30 min later were injected i.v.