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01), Khovd (46.02), and Darkhan-Uul (40.50) provinces, respectively.

The incidences of these cancers have increased last 10 years in some provinces. Stomach and esophageal cancers incidence in Mongolia is considerably higher compared to the other Asian countries. The nationwide targeted prevention program is needed.

Lonjid T, Sambuu T, Tumurbat N,

Incidence of Stomach and Esophageal Cancers in Mongolia Data from 2009 to 2018. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1)16-21.

Lonjid T, Sambuu T, Tumurbat N, et al. Incidence of Stomach and Esophageal Cancers in Mongolia Data from 2009 to 2018. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1)16-21.

The creation of a joint between two bowel ends in newborns and infants is one of the core surgical procedures in pediatric surgery. For a proper and perfect gastrointestinal (GI) anastomosis, the factors to be considered are intraoperative duration, restoration of normal GI function, effective hemostasis, reduction of tissue damage, and prevention of postoperative mortality and morbidity. The safety and efficacy of stapled GI tract anastomosis in adults have been extensively documented; however, available literature on the same is limited for infants.

Fifty-six patients were divided into two groups-stapled group and hand-sewn group. Patients operated on both emergency and elective basis were included in the study. Hand-sewn anastomosis was done by either end-to-end single-layer or double-layer anastomosis. Suture material used for the anastomosis was Vicryl 3-0 or Vicryl 4-0. Stapled anastomosis was done by 55 mm linear cutting GI stapler with side-to-side anastomosis.

The present study included a totalointestinal Anastomosis during Infancy A Prospective Comparative Study from Central India. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1)11-15.

Genotype 3 increases fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

To evaluate the effect of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype on prevalence and severity of liver disease in CHC.

Nine hundred and forty-nine individuals with positive anti-HCV from June 2016 to May 2017 were enrolled in the study. We compared biochemical and hematological parameters, HCV RNA load, transient elastography, and ultrasound, in genotype 3 and nongenotype 3 patients. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in patients with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥13 kPa.

Out of 835 CHC patients, overall, genotype 3 had higher LSM (11.3 vs 7.62,

= 0.01), higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (88.4 vs 68.6,

= 0.02), and low platelets (228.4 vs 261,

= 0.03) with higher prevalence of cirrhosis (115/415 vs 25/245,

= 0.01) than nongenotype 3. However, decompensation rates were not significantly different between two groups (32/115 vs 7/25,

= 0.98). The subgroup analysis revealed that cirrhotic genotype 3 had advanced age (50 vs 35,

< 0.01), male predominance, and higher AST (74.4 vs 57,

= 0.01) as compared to noncirrhotic genotype 3 patients. On multivariate analysis, age and AST values were higher in cirrhotic than noncirrhotic genotype 3 patients.

Genotype 3 patients have higher prevalence of cirrhosis and fibrosis compared to nongenotype 3 patients; however, decompensation was not different between two groups.

Gupta T, Aggarwal HK, Goyal S,

Prediction of Cirrhosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C by Genotype 3. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1)7-10.

Gupta T, Aggarwal HK, Goyal S, et al. Prediction of Cirrhosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C by Genotype 3. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1)7-10.

The etiology of cirrhosis of liver is known to change with time due to various factors including awareness, preventive interventions, and lifestyle changes in society. Bemnifosbuvir inhibitor However, there is scarce Indian data available about temporal trends in etiology of cirrhosis of liver. Hence, the aim of this study was to study the temporal trends in the etiology of cirrhosis of liver.

This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, from January 2005 to December 2017. Data were collected from hospital records of all patients admitted to the Gastroenterology unit. A Poisson regression model was used to compare the hospitalization rate for different etiologies of cirrhosis of liver. All data were analyzed using Stata version 5.1 software.

A total of 4,331 hospitalized patients of cirrhosis of liver were included in the analysis, of whom 2,742 (63.3%) had alcohol-related cirrhosis, 858 (19.8%) had viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis, Khatua C, et al. A Study on the Temporal Trends in the Etiology of Cirrhosis of Liver in Coastal Eastern Odisha. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2020;10(1)1-6.Body composition assessment (BCA) represents a valid instrument to evaluate nutritional status through the quantification of lean and fat tissue, in healthy subjects and sick patients. According to the clinical indication, body composition (BC) can be assessed by different modalities. To better analyze radiation risks for patients involved, BCA procedures can be divided into two main groups the first based on the use of ionizing radiation (IR), involving dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT), and others based on non-ionizing radiation (NIR) [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. Ultrasound (US) techniques using mechanical waves represent a separate group. The purpose of our study was to analyze publications about IR and NIR effects in order to make physicians aware about the risks for patients undergoing medical procedures to assess BCA providing to guide them towards choosing the most suitable method. To this end we reported the biological effects of IR and NIR and their associatedd to be very safe for BCA as well US procedures.Dysregulation of the human's energy balance, mediated by non-performing endocrine organs (liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, above all), can be related to human metabolic disorders characterized by an impaired body composition (BC), such as obesity and sarcopenia. While it is possible to monitor the BC and its variations at different levels, the tissue-organ composition studies have been proven to provide the most clinically applicable information. Ultrasonography (US), a fast, non-invasive, low-cost and widely available technique, holds great potential in the study of BC, as it can directly measure muscles, organs, visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue in different sections of the abdomen and body, overcoming some limits of anthropometric evaluation and other imaging techniques. Purpose of this review article is to explore the technical aspects and the applied methods of US examination to assess the potential clinical role of this technique in the context of BC characterization, investigating four pivotal topics [abdominal fat compartments, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle, liver].