Highharder8904

85-3.22 Pg C, and were 8%-14% higher than the baseline C stock value (5.70 Pg C). The spatial patterns of biomass C densities were found to vary greatly across the Northeast Asia, and largely decided by mean diameter at breast height, dominant height, elevation, and human footprint. Our results suggest that reforestation and forest conservation in Northeast Asia have effectively expanded the size of the carbon sink in the region, and sustainable forest management practices such as precision forestry and close forest monitoring for fire and insect outbreaks would be important to maintain and improve this critical carbon sink for Northeast Asia.A systematic review with meta-analysis (MA) was conducted to synthesize the effectiveness of nutrition intervention strategies for managing overweight and obesity in the adult population attending primary health care. Relevant articles were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS databases from inception to January 2020. Seventy studies were identified 45 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 25 uncontrolled before-after studies (UBAs). The MA of nutritional intervention revealed a reduced average estimate of the effect on weight in RCTs (weighted mean differences [WMD] = -1.80 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.40 to -1.19), BMI (WMD = -0.80 kg/m2 , 95% CI, -1.11 to -0.49), and WC (WMD = -2.28 cm, 95% CI, -3.06 to -1.49); and for UBAs showed reductions in weight (WMD = -4.17 kg; 95% CI, -5.18 to -1.70), BMI (WMD = -1.26 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, -1.81 to -0.72) and (WMD = -2.90 cm; 95%CI, -4.21 to -1.59). There was no association between treatment effect and follow-up for both designs. Nutritional interventions alone yielded a higher but nonsignificant average reduction on weight when compared with combined components intervention. Interventions delivered through individual or group sessions showed a similar positive effect on weight decrease. The dietary prescription approach yielded a greater effect on weight loss than did the behavioural approaches but only in UBA studies.We hypothesized that ruminants discriminate among different mineral supplements and modify their selection as a function of need. Forty lambs were offered four-way choices among P, Ca, and Mg sources monosodium phosphate (MSP), Magnesium phosphate (MGP), Monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and Dicalcium phosphate (DCP); and two-way choices between DCP and the other mineral sources (Baseline). Subsequently, lambs were randomly assigned to four groups (10 lambs/group) and fed rations such that levels of Ca and P were low (LCa_LP), adequate (NCa_NP), low in Ca and adequate in P (LCa_NP), or adequate in Ca and low in P (NCa_LP). Four- and two-way choice tests were repeated (Post-deficiency). During Baseline, lambs ate and preferred MSP > MGP>DCP = MCP (p less then .0001), showing that they discriminated among minerals. This pattern remained during four-way Post-deficiency tests, but lambs in LCa_LP, LCa_NP, and NCa_LP showed increased preference for MCP, MGP, and DCP, respectively, relative to other groups and Baseline (p less then .05). Some mineral preference also changed in relation to serum concentration of P and Ca. Thus, lambs discriminated among minerals and some groups modified their preferences from Baseline to Post-deficiency choice tests, likely influenced by mineral needs, which in turn contributed to rectify mineral imbalances.

Internists who have an important role in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic are under both physical and psychological pressures.

To assess the anxiety among physicians working in the internal medicine department of a tertiary care hospital who are on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This single-centre, non-intervention, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire from 1 April to 14 April 2020. Physicians of the Department of Internal Medicine were invited to participate with a self-administered questionnaire. The degree of symptoms of anxiety was assessed by the Turkish versions of the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively.

A total of 113 participants consented for the study and completed the questionnaire. The median age was 29 (IQR = 5) years and 53.1% were male. A total of 72 internists (63.7%) worked as 'frontline' healthcare workers directly engaged in diagnosing, treating or caring for patients with or suspected to have COVID-19. Female gender was significantly associated with high scores and levels in all scales compared to the male gender (P < 0.005). Having family members over 65 years old and with chronic diseases were significantly associated with high anxiety scores and levels (P < 0.005).

In this survey of internists in a university hospital equipped with clinics, wards and intensive care unit for patients with COVID-19, female gender and having family members over 65 years old and with chronic diseases were associated with increased anxiety levels.

In this survey of internists in a university hospital equipped with clinics, wards and intensive care unit for patients with COVID-19, female gender and having family members over 65 years old and with chronic diseases were associated with increased anxiety levels.We used Developmental Systems Theory as a framework for understanding the role of contextual factors in the development of purpose in urban adolescents. The sample included primarily low-socioeconomic students of color attending urban middle schools (n = 2,629; 10-16 years of age). Longitudinal data were collected at four time points across two years. We used hierarchical linear modeling to model change in purpose. On average, purpose declined over time. compound library chemical We also identified several predictors of intercept and slope. For example, Black youth had a higher average purpose intercept, as well as a steeper average decline than other racial/ethnic groups. Females demonstrated a higher average purpose intercept than males, but this effect disappeared when academic achievement was added to the model.Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, with restricted expression in brown/beige adipocytes in humans and rodents. We have previously shown an unexpected expression of UCP1 in bovine skeletal muscles. This study evaluated factors affecting Ucp1 gene expression in cultured bovine myogenic cells. Myosatellite cells, which were isolated from the bovine musculus longissimus cervicis, were induced to differentiate into myotubes in the presence of 2% horse serum. Previous studies using murine brown/beige adipocytes revealed that Ucp1 expression levels are directly increased by forskolin and all-trans retinoic acid (RA). The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/activin pathway negatively regulated Ucp1 expression, whereas activation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway indirectly increases Ucp1 expression through the stimulation of brown/beige adipogenesis. Neither forskolin nor RA significantly affected Ucp1 mRNA levels in bovine myogenic cells. A-83-01, an inhibitor of the TGF-β/activin pathway, stimulated myogenesis in these cells.