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of vector control, ISM is advised for the treatment of animals infected by trypanosomes.The aim of this study was to describe bovine neosporosis in dairy cattle from the Sierra region, Ecuador. A case-control study was performed on 841 dairy cattle from 5 dairy herds. The overall seroprevalence was 23.4% having significant association between abortion and seropositivity (p less then .05). Additionally, 46 fetuses were recovered from a local slaughterhouse to evaluate the frequency of vertical transmission. Seventeen and 3 fetuses were positive by PCR and had compatible histopathological lesions, respectively. N. caninum infection must be considered as a relevant cause of reproductive losses in Ecuador.Our aims were to describe a case of clinical helminthosis caused by parasite resistance to macrocyclic lactones (MLs) after the long-term frequent use of these drugs in a cattle herd, and to evaluate the production losses prevented by the use of an effective anthelmintic treatment to control these resistant gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). A case of clinical helminthosis culminating in the death of steers was investigated, the history of the antiparasitic treatments used during an 11-year period in the herd was assessed, and an efficacy test involving seven different drugs was performed. Thereafter, two groups of heifers naturally infected by ML-resistant GINs were formed and strategically treated with either a highly effective (levamisole) or less effective drug (doramectin) over a 9-month period. The heifers were evaluated monthly based on eggs per gram of feces (EPG) counts and liveweights. An evaluation of the history of parasite control in the farm revealed that MLs were used in 96.5% of the treatments aimed at controlling GINs, ticks, and myiasis in the herd. The efficacy test showed the presence of GINs resistance to all the MLs tested. However, levamisole and albendazole sulphoxide were highly effective against these parasites. Heifers treated with levamisole gained 12.1 kg more liveweight on average, compared to those treated with doramectin. Thus, we conclude that indiscriminate and long-term use of MLs in the studied herd led to the failure of GINs control, a critical situation resulting in significant production losses, and a surge of clinical helminthosis in young cattle. In addition, we showed increase in liveweight gain due to using a highly effective drug, in comparison to an ML, during a 9-month period, in heifers naturally infected by ML-resistant GINs.Macrocyclic lactones are the most widely used drugs for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of horses in Argentina. Ivermectin and moxidectin are used as broad spectrum anthelmintics and although there are several international reports on the resistance of Parascaris spp., the resistance status of the local nematode population is largely unknow. This report informs a case of suboptimal efficacy to both drugs to control Parascaris spp in foals in central Argentina. In February 2018, routine fecal parasite egg counts showed a moderate-high number of Parascaris spp eggs (mean = 680 eggs per gram of feces) in foals treated approximately one month before with moxidectin. Upon suspicion of resistance of this parasite to the macrocyclic lactones, 24 of these animals were selected for a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Twelve foals were treated with ivermectin and the remaining 12 animals with moxidectin. Two weeks after treatment, the FECRT was 48.1% and 34.8% for moxidectin and ivermectin respectively (25% of the animals increased the number of eggs in feces after treatment). Five days later, the administration of fenbendazole resulted in a FECRT = 100%. The monitoring of the status of susceptibility or resistance in each establishment is critical for the design of control programs based on rational and sustainable use of anthelmintics.The wildlife-domestic interface represents points of contact between wild animals and human-associated domestic animals, and provides opportunities for the dissemination and transmission of parasitic agents. Domestic dogs are reservoirs of parasitic agents, many of which are capable of infecting wild animals. To better investigate this potential risk at the Iberá wetlands eco-region, fecal samples from dogs present at the wildlife-domestic interface of two protected areas in Corrientes province, Argentina were examined. The prevalence of intestinal parasites and overall generic richness were examined and associations with age, sex, body condition, anthelmintic treatments and dog movement restriction were explored. From August-September 2017, questionnaires were carried out and fecal samples collected from 51 dogs at the interface zones. The overall estimated prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 63%. Nine genera of helminths and four protozoans were found in the examined dogs, many of which are known to infect wild carnivores and several have zoonotic potential. Ancylostoma and Isospora were the most prevalent genera. Freedom to roam was positively associated with prevalence and richness. From all dogs in our study, only a small proportion (17%) is subjected to some degree of movement restriction, while most dogs were free roaming. Veterinary health care and treatment was also extremely limited. The findings of this study revealed conditions of high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, lack of veterinary care and unrestricted roaming; all circumstances that suggest that dogs that live at these interface zones pose an infection risk to sympatric wildlife.Aberrant nematode larval migration in the CNS of horses is rare but frequently fatal; one of the main etiological agents involved in this illness is Halicephalobus gingivalis. This soil nematode has been associated with several fatal equine meningoencephalitis reports worldwide; however, it had never been diagnosed in horses of Mexico. A 10 year-old Andalusian horse presented dysphagia, fever, weakness, prostration and ataxia; the patient expired during the medical attention. Post mortem examination was performed and no gross alterations were found. Histopathology revealed meningoencephalitis, vasculitis and intralesional adult nematodes, larvae and eggs compatible with Halicephalobus spp. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) of nematodes was performed from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of brain. Posterior nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the agent as H. gingivalis. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Halicephalobiasis in Mexico.The horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is particularly unique among the parasites that primarily affect Brazilian cattle farming. Appropriate control strategies fundamentally depend on epidemiological knowledge, which is particularly scarce in Northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to elucidate the ecology of the immature horn fly in the semiarid region of Brazil. Darapladib Phospholipase (e.g. PLA) inhibitor Bovine fecal masses were collected and covered with emergence traps to collect the horn fly for sexing and counting. Weather records of the region were concurrently acquired. A total of 11,390H. irritans were collected from 601 fecal masses, with a sex ratio of 0.91 (male female). Horn fly emergence was observed in 78% (15%-100%) of the fecal masses, varying from 1 to 185 (mean = 23.3) flies/fecal mass, predominantly at the beginning of the rainy season. The minimum period for egg-to-adult development of H. irritans varied from 7 to 11 days, indicating the occurrence of 30 generations per year in the region. Rapid development of the immature horn fly in the semiarid region, throughout the year may results in a high number of generations and infestations in cattle herds.Four free-ranging peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) were submitted with a history of unilateral or bilateral blindness and central nervous signs to a veterinary clinic in Germany. There were no indications of trauma or ocular disease. Likewise, other differential diagnoses for CNS signs were ruled out within the diagnostic process. The clinical diagnostic panel in live falcons included general examination, radiography, endoscopy, hematology, ophthalmoscopy and parasitological examination of the feces, blood gas analysis and blood chemistry as well as computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A complete pathological and histopathological examination was performed post-mortem. The only common finding in all birds was an infection with the nematode parasite Serratospiculum tendo. The parasite was confirmed morphologically and via PCR. In two falcons intracerebral vermicoses was suspected in MRI and confirmed in subsequent histopathology, but molecular biological identification of the parasite species failed from brain tissue. Until today, S. tendo had been reported to affect the respiratory system, the liver and different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and to cause cachexia, inappetence, regurgitation, dyspnea and general signs of illness such as lethargy, poor plumage, and reduced reproduction. Our findings indicate that aberrant migration should be considered as cause for CNS signs in falcons. As S. tendo might be a possible cause for this, CNS signs might be included in the list of clinical signs of serratospiculiasis in falcons.We report the finding of cysts and larvae of Strongyluris in specimens of L. fulica from an urban area of the municipality of Maringá in northern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Thirty-seven young adult snails were collected at three sites 15 in riparian forest; 14 in a vegetable garden; and eight in a residential garden. We found a total of 16 cysts with nematode larvae in three of the 15 snails collected in riparian forest. The parasites were identified as larvae of the genus Strongyluris, which are parasites of the gastrointestinal tract of amphibians and reptiles. Lissachatina fulica is established in urban areas of 33% of the municipalities of the state of Paraná. The species has spread rapidly through the urban area of the municipality of Maringá, which may contribute to the transmission of nematode larvae of medical and veterinary interest to humans and other animals.Raccoon latrines represent sites of potential infection by the zoonotic parasite Baylisascaris procyonis for wildlife and humans. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of B. procyonis at raccoon latrine sites in southern Ontario. Thirty raccoon latrines were sampled between June - July 2018; multiple scats were collected and homogenized to form a representative sample of each latrine. To determine the presence or absence of B. procyonis eggs in each sample, we used the Cornell-Wisconsin centrifugal floatation technique. Twenty-three percent (7/30) of homogenized samples tested positive for B. procyonis. Eggs per gram of feces ranged from 1 to 388 (median = 1.28, IQR = 0.32-232.5). Baylisascaris procyonis positive latrines were found in conservation areas heavily used by people, which may represent a possible source of exposure for humans in these areas.This paper reports the presence of various species of filarial nematodes in dogs in an area of central Italy at the border between two regions (Tuscany-Latium), which had previously been free of infection and for which there are no epidemiological data in the literature. Blood and serum samples from a total of 363 adult dogs were collected during in 2016/17 and 2018/19 in the provinces of Grosseto (Tuscany) and Viterbo (Latium). The dogs were of different breeds or mixed breeds, randomly selected, and living in public kennels or privately owned. Of the 363 samples tested, 55 dogs were positive to Knott's test for microfilariae (prevalence 15.1%; 95% confidence interval 11.5-18.8%). Dirofilaria immitis was found in 25 cases (prevalence 6.9%; 95% CI 4.3-9.5%), D. repens in 27 (7.4%, 95% CI 4.7-10.1%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum in 3 (0.8%, 95% CI 0.1-1.7%). Out of 55 dogs, only four were infested with both D. immitis and D. repens (1.1%, 95% CI 0.001-2.2%).