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The average annual cost of medical care for patients with moderate atopic dermatitis was 1527 ± 623 USD, and for patients with severe atopic dermatitis the cost was 9487 ± 8990 USD. Significant differences were observed in dermatology consultations, referrals, laboratory and diagnostic studies, and the number of drugs prescribed by physicians. ABT-199 Bcl-2 inhibitor With the multivariate analysis, it was identified that the highest cost was presented by severe patients (p = 0.0001) who were younger and had comorbidities, along with diagnosis of depression. Conclusions The severity of atopic dermatitis, the age average, the presence of comorbidities, and the diagnosis of depression are the variables with the highest association and impact on the direct cost of medical care.Background There are different guidelines for the diagnosis of allergic diseases and the application of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Objective To describe how Mexican allergists diagnose and treat respiratory and food allergies with AIT. Methods 227 allergists who attended an immunotherapy symposium were surveyed; the topics investigated were the daily practices in the diagnosis of respiratory and food allergies, as well as ways to apply AIT. Results The surveyed allergists use skin prick tests for the diagnosis of both respiratory and food allergies in 100 % and 87.7 % of their cases respectively; in vitro diagnosis through serum specific IgE in 55.5 % and 63 %, and molecular diagnostics in 14.1% and 13.2 %. For aeroallergens, 81 % prescribe subcutaneous AIT, 77.9 % use liquid sublingual AIT, and 1.8 % prefer SLIT in tablets; however, 45 % indicated that they would use tablets in the future. Regarding food allergens, most respondents did not prescribe AIT; however, 55% of them are interested in oral AIT and 59% of them are interested in sublingual AIT. Conclusions Generally, the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases are carried out according to international guidelines; besides, the interviewed allergists expressed flexibility to adopt new schemes.Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary degeneration, is the most common type of dementia and has no incurable therapies at the moment. Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy has been widely used in clinical treatment of AD, and has attained approving effects. This article reviews the development of researches on the mechanisms of EA underlying improving AD by diminishing β amyloid protein （Aβ） neurotoxicity, from 1) up-regulating hippocampal cellular autophagy, 2) improving cerebral energy metabolism by activating oxidation stress-related factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha and sirtuin 1 in the hippocampus and frontal cerebral cortex, 3) relieving inflammatory reaction by lowering expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and high-mobility group box 1 and increasing expression of Interleukin 10, and 4) promoting degradation of Aβ1-42 by down-regulating expression of insulin degeneration enzyme, lipoprotein, transthyretin, apolipoprotein and α2 mcroglobulin. Meanwhile, a comprehensive clinical therapy of AD is proposed.Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical effect and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of cardiac neurosis. Methods Chinese databases (including SinoMed, VIP, CNKI, and Wanfang Data) and English databases (including PubMed and The Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture in the treatment of cardiac neurosis published up to March 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, and then RevMan 5.3 was used to perform a meta-analysis. Results A total of 7 RCTs were included, with 491 patients with cardiac neurosis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the conventional western medicine group, the acupuncture group had a significantly higher total effective rate (risk ratio ［RR］=1.16, 95% CI［1.05,1.28］, P=0.005) and had significantly greater improvements in Hamilton Anxiety Scale score (mean difference ［MD］=-3.22, 95% CI［-6.05, -0.39］, P=0.03). There were no significant differences between the two groups in Hamilton Depression Scale score (MD=-1.92, 95% CI［-4.76, -0.91］, P=0.18)，traditional Chinese medicine symptom score (MD=-5.49, 95% CI［-11.55, 0.56］, P=0.08), somatization symptom score (MD=-0.91, 95% CI［-3.28, 1.46］, P=0.45), and adverse reactions (RR=0.67, 95% CI［0.26,1.78］, P=0.42). Conclusion Acupuncture can alleviate the symptoms and is safe in the treatment of cardiac neurosis.Objective To explore the anatomical structure of acupuncture point Qiuhou (EX-HN7) area for safe insertion of acupuncture needle. Methods A total of 28 orbital specimens of adult corpses (14 men and 14 women) were randomly selected to be observed by anatomical sectioning and layering methods. The acupoint EX-HN7, located at the junction between the 1/4 of the outer boundary and 3/4 of the inner boundary of the infraorbital margin according to the "Standardization of Acupoint Position" implemented by the People's Republic of China, and marked first with a color pen, followed by cutting the head into horizontal sections along the cross line by using a cadaver cutter and measuring the distance between the skin and blood vessels and main nerves with a digimatic caliper. When the anatomic hierarchy was performed, the blood vessels and nerves in the orbit, the morphological characteristics of the structure around the needle body were particularly focused. Results When an acupuncture needle was vertically inserted into EX-HN7 region, the tissues through which the needle passes are skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis muscle, orbital adipose body, inferior oblique muscle and inferior orbital wall, respectively. When an acupuncture needle was inserted obliquely upward and along the inferior orbital wall to a depth of (26.5±1.7)mm, the needle tip met the posterior ciliary artery; when to a depth of (41.4±1.3)mm, it reached the superior ophthalmic vein. When inserted to a depth of (40.4±1.5)mm, the needle tip may damage the ophthalmic artery and optic nerve. When the acupuncture needle was inserted inferiorly and closely along the orbital inferior wall to a depth of (13.2±1.4)mm, the infraorbital artery in the suborbital sulcus would be hurt. Conclusion It is recommended that when insert vertically into a depth of 12.0 mm in EX-HN7, the acupuncture needle tip should be slightly inclined inward and posterior-upward, and the depth should not exceed 26.0 mm.