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SCA members provided care for people of all sporting abilities, ranging from recreational to elite athletes, but most typically at the non-elite level. SCA members almost exclusively treat musculoskeletal conditions and apply various modalities in the management of athletes and sportspeople.

In 2015, the U.S. Soccer Federation banned heading for players aged 10-13.

To assess the change in proportion of children aged 10-13 playing soccer in the US presenting to an Emergency Department (ED) with a concussion in relation to any other injury before and after the ban.

Analysis was restricted to soccer athletes between 10-13 years that reported to a National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) participating hospital ED following injury in 2013-2014 and 2016-2017. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between year of injury and concussion diagnosis in relation to other injury diagnosis after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity.

Concussion in relation to other injuries showed a significant increase in 2016-2017 when compared to 2013-2014 after adjustment (OR= 1.286, 95%CI = 1.090-1.517).

These results suggest that banning heading may not reduce concussion within this population. However, significant confounders, including increased reporting, were not controlled for.

These results suggest that banning heading may not reduce concussion within this population. However, significant confounders, including increased reporting, were not controlled for.

The purpose of this commentary was to critically appraise the patellofemoral pain clinical practice guideline published by the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy in 2019 and to summarize their recommendations for chiropractic practice.

Quality and reporting of this guideline was assessed with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. Three reviewers independently scored between 1-7 (strongly disagree-strongly agree) for 23 items organized into six quality domains.

AGREE II quality domain scores ranged between 57%-98%, with overall quality of the recommendation rated 89%. The guideline contained evidence summaries and/or recommendations for three topics impairment/function-based diagnosis; examination; and interventions.

Based on its methodological quality, we recommend the use of this guideline for the examination, diagnosis, and management of patellofemoral pain in chiropractic practice. A summary of recommendations from this guideline is presented for use within the scope of chiropractic practice in Canada.

Based on its methodological quality, we recommend the use of this guideline for the examination, diagnosis, and management of patellofemoral pain in chiropractic practice. A summary of recommendations from this guideline is presented for use within the scope of chiropractic practice in Canada.

To determine the incidence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders of the elbow in baseball pitchers.

Systematic review.

Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed and SportDiscus from onset to July 7, 2018.

Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies. Independent pairs of reviewers screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. Relevant articles were critically appraised for internal validity using the SIGN criteria. We included low risk of bias studies in our best evidence synthesis.

We retrieved 4502 articles, 39 were critically appraised and nine had a low risk of bias. These were included in the evidence synthesis. The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders of the elbow ranges from 2.3% in adolescent pitchers to 40.6% in youth pitchers. check details Evidence suggests that pitch characteristics, inadequate rest, biomechanical and anthropometric factors may be risk factors of UCL tears.

Baseball pitchers develop musculoskeletal disorders of the elbow. There is little high-quality evidence to understand the etiology. Preliminary evidence suggests the risk factors are multifactorial.PROSPERO Trial Registration Number CRD42018092081.

Baseball pitchers develop musculoskeletal disorders of the elbow. There is little high-quality evidence to understand the etiology. Preliminary evidence suggests the risk factors are multifactorial.PROSPERO Trial Registration Number CRD42018092081.We consider a semilinear parabolic partial differential equation in R + × [ 0 , 1 ] d , where d = 1 , 2 or 3, with a highly oscillating random potential and either homogeneous Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition. If the amplitude of the oscillations has the right size compared to its typical spatiotemporal scale, then the solution of our equation converges to the solution of a deterministic homogenised parabolic PDE, which is a form of law of large numbers. Our main interest is in the associated central limit theorem. Namely, we study the limit of a properly rescaled difference between the initial random solution and its LLN limit. In dimension d = 1 , that rescaled difference converges as one might expect to a centred Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. However, in dimension d = 2 , the limit is a non-centred Gaussian process, while in dimension d = 3 , before taking the CLT limit, we need to subtract at an intermediate scale the solution of a deterministic parabolic PDE, subject (in the case of Neumann boundary condition) to a non-homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. Our proofs make use of the theory of regularity structures, in particular of the very recently developed methodology allowing to treat parabolic PDEs with boundary conditions within that theory.We consider a class of nonlocal viscous Cahn-Hilliard equations with Neumann boundary conditions for the chemical potential. The double-well potential is allowed to be singular (e.g. of logarithmic type), while the singularity of the convolution kernel does not fall in any available existence theory under Neumann boundary conditions. We prove well-posedness for the nonlocal equation in a suitable variational sense. Secondly, we show that the solutions to the nonlocal equation converge to the corresponding solutions to the local equation, as the convolution kernels approximate a Dirac delta. The asymptotic behaviour is analyzed by means of monotone analysis and Gamma convergence results, both when the limiting local Cahn-Hilliard equation is of viscous type and of pure type.