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Although primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is usually asymptomatic, patients may present with atypical manifestations such as hyperemesis and pancreatitis. Proper diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to minimizing potential hazards to both mother and fetus.

Although primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is usually asymptomatic, patients may present with atypical manifestations such as hyperemesis and pancreatitis. Proper diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to minimizing potential hazards to both mother and fetus.

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficiency of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) for pain management in knee and hip surgeries.

We searched four electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library database, Web of Science) from inception to January 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Two review authors independently extracted data for each included study. Primary outcomes were visual analogue scale at 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, total morphine consumption, the length of hospital stay and the occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Standardized mean difference (SMD) or risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for continuous outcomes and discontinuous outcomes respectively. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess risk of bias. Stata 12.0 was used for meta-analysis.

Finally, 7 RCTs involving 508 patients (FICB = 254, FNB = 254) were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with FNB group, FICB has no benefit for visual analogue scale at 12 hours (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.19; P = .820), 24 hours (SMD = -0.02, 95% CI, -0.22 to 0.18; P = .806), and 48 hours (SMD = -0.02, 95% CI, -0.22 to 0.19; P = .872). No significant differences were found regarding total morphine consumption (SMD = -0.07, 95% CI, -0.29 to 0.15; P = .533). read more What's more, there was no significant difference between the length of hospital stay and the occurrence of nausea and vomiting (P > .05).

FICB has equivalent pain control and morphine-sparing efficacy when compared with FNB. More high-quality RCTs are needed to identify the optimal drugs and volume of local infiltration protocols.

FICB has equivalent pain control and morphine-sparing efficacy when compared with FNB. More high-quality RCTs are needed to identify the optimal drugs and volume of local infiltration protocols.

Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is rare and there are few reports at present. We sought to review the current knowledge of GB-NEC and provide recommendations for clinical management.

A systemic literature research was conducted in the websites of Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data using the keywords including gallbladder combined with neuroendocrine carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor or neuroendocrine neoplasm. Two reviewers independently screened the articles by reading the title, abstract and full-text.

In computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, a well-defined margin, gallbladder replacing type with larger hepatic and lymphatic metastases could be helpful for differential diagnosis of GB-NEC and gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GB-ADC). Older age, unmarried status, large tumor size (>5 cm), positive margins, and distant Surveillance, Epidemiology and End result (SEER) stage are independently associated with poor survival. Surgical resectioved in recent years. Further studies are needed to investigate the survival benefit of lymphadenectomy for patients with GB-NEC.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) accounts for the most common complication of early pregnancy in humans. As an immune checkpoint pathway, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) can be exploited by tumor cells to evade immuno-surveillance. Many studies have shown that the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 is involved in RSA. However, the correlation between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and RSA is still controversial. We conducted meta-analysis to further explore the correlation between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and RSA, to provide a basis for clinical prevention and treatment.

We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database for related published studies before February 2021. Two review authors will search and assess relevant studies independently. Case control studies and cohort studies will be included. The Revman 5.3 software was applied to carry out the meta-analysis for the included literature.

The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication and/or presented at relevant conferences.

This study will provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of RSA.

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/CZD23.Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required, as the data are not individualized.

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/CZD23.Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required, as the data are not individualized.

There is no systematic review or meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant psychotherapy in early-stage bipolar disorder. Therefore, the goal of this meta-analysis is to examine the evidence supporting psychotherapy as an efficacious approach to treating bipolar disorder.

Seven electronic databases including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library were searched in March 2021 by two independent reviewers. Data extraction was performed independently, and any conflict was resolved before final analysis. Only randomized clinical trials were included in this study. The trial entails 1 primary outcome measure (relapse) and several secondary outcome measures time to relapse, relapse rate, days missed at work/school (record, interview), and social functioning level. The risk of bias assessment of the included studies was performed by 2 authors independently using the tool recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

We hypothesized that combined psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions would be superior to pharmacological interventions alone regarding the time to relapse into a manic or depressive episode.