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This study aimed to investigate the effects of raw red beetroot consumption on metabolic markers and cognitive function in type 2 diabetes patients.

In a quasi-experimental study, 44 type 2 diabetes patients (57 ± 4.5years) consumed raw red beetroot (100g, daily), for 8weeks. Metabolic markers including body weight, glucose and lipid profile parameters, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, paraoxonase-1 activity, hepatic enzymes, blood pressure and cognitive function were measured at the beginning and end of 8weeks.

Raw red beetroot consumption resulted in a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (-13.53mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)(-0.34%), apolipoproteinB100 (ApoB100) (-8.25mg/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (-1.75U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (-3.7U/L), homocysteine (-7.88μmol/l), systolic (-0.73mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (-0.34mmHg), anda significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (105μmol/L) and cognitive function tests (all

values <0.05). Other variables did not change significantly after the intervention.

Raw red beetroot consumption for 8weeks in T2DM patients has beneficial impacts on cognitive function, glucose metabolism and other metabolic markers.

Raw red beetroot consumption for 8 weeks in T2DM patients has beneficial impacts on cognitive function, glucose metabolism and other metabolic markers.

Fungal infections including

is one of the most important health concerns among type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of

skin infection in patients with type 2 diabetes in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In this review study, data were extracted from national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) with no time limit until January 2021. The random effects model was used for doing analysis and the I

index was used for assessing the heterogeneity of studies. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2).

The prevalence of

skin infection in patients with type 2 diabetes was 11.4% (95% CI 8.9%-14.4%) in 13 reviewed articles with a sample size of 1348. Olcegepant in vivo Regarding the heterogeneity based on meta-regression, there was a significant difference between the effect of sample size (

 < 0.05) and the prevalence of

skin infection in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The results of this study showed that

skin infection was high in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. Therefore, to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels, appropriate policies should be adopted.

The results of this study showed that C. albicans skin infection was high in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. Therefore, to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels, appropriate policies should be adopted.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that has serious complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more widespread worldwide and in Egypt. Interleukin-16 is a pro-inflammatory factor that can lead to many inflammatory diseases by stimulating the secretions of cytokines. Inflammation and obesity are concomitant factors that may lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we tried to focus on the relation between Interleukin-16 rs11556218 polymorphism and the risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

128 type 2 diabetic patients and 128 healthy individuals as control were included in this case-control study. Interleukin-16 gene polymorphism (SNP rs11556218 T/G) was genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Interleukin-16 rs11556218 T/G gene polymorphism has a statistically significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the co-dominant, dominant and, over dominant genetic models. The genotype TG was presented in approximately 30 % of diabetic patients vs. control (p = 0.04) and patients with TG genotype have a 1.8 times higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR1.87; 95 % CI = 1.04 to 3.39) and 9.5 times higher after risk-adjusted diabetes (OR9.58; 95 % CI = 1.50 to 61.25) (p = 0.031). We found an association between Interleukin-16 gene polymorphism with both body mass index and high density lipoprotein.

This study is the first one in the Middle East and Africa which found a correlation between Interleukin-16 gene polymorphism rs11556218 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Egyptians with TG genotypes have a higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This study is the first one in the Middle East and Africa which found a correlation between Interleukin-16 gene polymorphism rs11556218 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Egyptians with TG genotypes have a higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To assess Self-care and related factors in patients with type II diabetes in Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 100 patients with type II diabetes who were referred to specialized diabetes centers related to Arak University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts (the first part was demographic information, the second part was self-care behaviors such as diet, exercise, control, treatment, and prevention of complications over the past seven days, and the third part was factors influencing patients' self-care behaviors). The inclusion criteria were; patients 18-80years of age with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, at least one year passed of diabetes diagnosis, no chronic diseases other than those related to diabetes, had awareness of the diagnosis, had no hearing and speech impairments, and no mental illnesses. The exclusion criteria was the patient's failure to answer all questions of renal examinations, planning and educational interventions in all aspects of self-care, especially in terms of sports and physical activity, and periodic renal examinations are essential.

This prospective study aimed to detect and identify plasma proteins differentially expressed between groups of Brazilian diagnosed with type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) diabetes with good and poor glycemic control and the non-diabetic group denominated control group (CG).

Patients with T1DM and T2DM were subdivided according to their glycated haemoglobin (HbA

) level ≥ 53mmol/mol and < 53mmol/mol. Each subgroup was composed of ten subjects (

 = 10). The plasma from each subgroup was pooled and depleted of albumin and IgG. The reminiscent proteins were quantified and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The relative volume of protein bands was determined by densitometry analysis, and those with differential abundance were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Alpha 2 - Macroglobulin (AMG) was 1.3-fold more abundant in T1DM with HbA

 ≥ 53mmol/mol and < 53mmol/mol and 1.4-fold more abundant in T2DM with HbA

 ≥ 53mmol/mol compared to CG. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) and Haptoglobin (Hp) were overexpressed above 1.5-fold in all DM subgroups. Cp in T1DM and Hp in both types of DM were more expressed in HbA

 ≥ 53mmol/mol than <53mmol/mol. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) was upregulated only in T2DM subgroups.

In summary, three positive acute-phase proteins, AMG, Cp and Hp were more abundant in diabetic individuals regardless of the diabetes type. The highest Hp abundance in both types of DM with HbA

≥ 53mmol/mol, reinforces Hp as a possible biomarker associated with diabetic complications.

In summary, three positive acute-phase proteins, AMG, Cp and Hp were more abundant in diabetic individuals regardless of the diabetes type. The highest Hp abundance in both types of DM with HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol, reinforces Hp as a possible biomarker associated with diabetic complications.

This community-based cross-sectional study aimed to identify the frailty prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors among older adults in five cities of the south west of Iran.

We selected a random sample of adults aged 60years and above from five Southwest cities in Iran. Data for this study were retrospectively collected from 540 community-dwelling older adults. To measure frailty, we utilized the frailty index of cumulative deficit (FICD). Data were collected from medical records and socio-demographic factors, including gender, age, marital status, education level, lifestyle, income, and job status. The chi-square test and Spearman's correlation coefficient test were used to assess the relationship between the demographic variables and frailty status (SPSS version 22). Also, multiple binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of demographic characteristics on the frailty recurrence.

The overall frailty prevalence was as follows 77 (14.3%) frail, 139 (25.7%) pre-frail, and 324 (60%) not frail. The findings showed that all variables except education level and marital status are significantly associated with frailty status (

 < 0.05). Multiple ridge logistic regression model indicated that age, gender, marital status, job status have significant, and education level, living arrangement, and economic status have no considerable effect on the frailty.

This study has shown that age and gender significantly contributed to the frailty process in older adults. The research also has shown the syndrome's occurrence affected by the aging process, and it supports the biological characteristics of frailty.

This study has shown that age and gender significantly contributed to the frailty process in older adults. The research also has shown the syndrome's occurrence affected by the aging process, and it supports the biological characteristics of frailty.

Amino acids (AAs) and acylcarnitines play a key role in metabolic disease and can be used as biomarkers of various diseases such as malignancies, type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases, therefore, designing an accurate and simple laboratory method that simultaneously measure both groups of substances, could improve the process of analytes quantification. In this research, a flow injection tandem mass spectrometry (FI-MS/MS) method for simultaneous measurement of AAs and acylcarnitines in addition to results of validation is explained.

Samples were mixed with internal standards and after derivatization (with butanolic-HCL), AAs, and acylcarnitines were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry (SCIEX API 3200)

Analytical performance studies were designed based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines including precision, accuracy, linearity, and limit of detection-quantification (LOD-LOQ) experiments. Samples from patients with T2D in different staethod is applied for AAs and carnitine/acylcarnitines measurement in patient with T2DM and results show some of the acylcarnitines and AAs can be involved in diabetic nephropathy development.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00786-3.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00786-3.