Geertsenwhitehead7761

Object memories activated by borders serve as priors for figure assignment figures are more likely to be perceived on the side of a border where a well-known object is sketched. Do object memories also affect the appearance of object borders? Memories represent past experience with objects; memories of well-known objects include many with sharp borders because they are often fixated. We investigated whether object memories affect appearance by testing whether blurry borders appear sharper when they are contours of well-known objects versus matched novel objects. Participants viewed blurry versions of one familiar and one novel stimulus simultaneously for 180 ms; then made comparative (Exp. 1) or equality judgments regarding perceived blur (Exps. 2-4). For equivalent levels of blur, the borders of well-known objects appeared sharper than those of novel objects. These results extend evidence for the influence of past experience to object appearance, consistent with dynamic interactive models of perception.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.Peatlands are strategic areas for climate change mitigation because of their matchless carbon stocks. find more Drained peatlands release this carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). Peatland rewetting effectively stops these CO2 emissions, but also re-establishes the emission of methane (CH4). Essentially, management must choose between CO2 emissions from drained, or CH4 emissions from rewetted, peatland. This choice must consider radiative effects and atmospheric lifetimes of both gases, with CO2 being a weak but persistent, and CH4 a strong but short-lived, greenhouse gas. The resulting climatic effects are, thus, strongly time-dependent. We used a radiative forcing model to compare forcing dynamics of global scenarios for future peatland management using areal data from the Global Peatland Database. Our results show that CH4 radiative forcing does not undermine the climate change mitigation potential of peatland rewetting. Instead, postponing rewetting increases the long-term warming effect through continued CO2 emissions.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.Detailed crystallographic characterization of a tri-aspartate metal-binding site previously identified on the three-fold symmetry axis of a hexameric enzyme, LarE from Lactobacillus plantarum, was conducted. By screening an array of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal ions, we demonstrated that this metal binding site stoichiometrically binds Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, but not monovalent metal ions, Cr3+, Mg2+, Y3+, Sr2+ or Ba2+. Extensive database searches resulted in only 13 similar metal binding sites in other proteins, indicative of the rareness of tri-aspartate architectures, which allows for engineering such a selective multivalent metal ion binding site into target macromolecules for structural and biophysical characterization.MLL gene rearrangements (MLLr) are a common cause of aggressive, incurable acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) in infants and children, most of which originate in utero. The most common MLLr produces an MLL-AF4 fusion protein. MLL-AF4 promotes leukemogenesis by activating key target genes, mainly through recruitment of DOT1L and increased histone H3 lysine-79 methylation (H3K79me2/3). One key MLL-AF4 target gene is PROM1, which encodes CD133 (Prominin-1). CD133 is a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein that represents a potential pan-cancer target as it is found on multiple cancer stem cells. Here we demonstrate that aberrant PROM1/CD133 expression is essential for leukemic cell growth, mediated by direct binding of MLL-AF4. Activation is controlled by an intragenic H3K79me2/3 enhancer element (KEE) leading to increased enhancer-promoter interactions between PROM1 and the nearby gene TAPT1. This dual locus regulation is reflected in a strong correlation of expression in leukemia. We find that in PROM1/CD133 non-expressing cells, the PROM1 locus is repressed by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) binding, associated with reduced expression of TAPT1, partially due to loss of interactions with the PROM1 locus. Together, these results provide the first detailed analysis of PROM1/CD133 regulation that explains CD133 expression in MLLr ALL.Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Systemic steroid therapy is the first-line treatment for aGVHD, although about half of patients will become refractory to treatment. As the number of patients undergoing alloHCT increases, developing safe and effective treatments for aGVHD will become increasingly important, especially for those whose disease becomes refractory to systemic steroid therapy. This paper reviews current treatment options for patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD and discusses data from recently published clinical studies to outline emerging therapeutic strategies.This study compares the tribological and thermophysical features of the lubricating oil using MoS2 and ZnO nano-additives. The average size of MoS2 and ZnO nanoparticles were 90 nm and 30 nm, respectively. The nanoparticles were suspended using Triton X-100 in three different concentrations (0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 wt.%) in a commercial diesel oil. Tribological properties such as mass loss of the pins, friction coefficient, and worn surface morphologies and thermophysical properties such as viscosity, viscosity index, flash point and pour point of resulting nano lubricant were evaluated and compared with those of pure diesel oil. The tribological behavior of nano lubricants was evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The worn surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The overall results of this experiment reveal that the addition of nano-MoS2 reduces the mass loss values of the pins in 93% due to the nano-MoS2 lubricant effect. With 0.7 wt.% in nanoparticles content, the viscosity of MoS2 and ZnO nano lubricants at 100 °C increased by about 9.