Garnerbank8413

RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers had a higher diagnostic accuracy for differentiating patients with LBD versus HC (AUROC = 0.80).

RBC α-syn heteromers may be useful for differentiating between neurodegenerative dementias (LBD and AD) and HC. In particular, RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers have demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating LBD from HC. However, they are not consistently different between LBD and AD. Our findings also suggest that α-syn, Aβ1-42, and tau interact in vivo to promote the aggregation and accumulation of each other.

RBC α-syn heteromers may be useful for differentiating between neurodegenerative dementias (LBD and AD) and HC. In particular, RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers have demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating LBD from HC. However, they are not consistently different between LBD and AD. Our findings also suggest that α-syn, Aβ1-42, and tau interact in vivo to promote the aggregation and accumulation of each other.

Age-related hearing loss (HL) has been associated with dementia, though the neurocognitive profile of individuals with HL is poorly understood.

To characterize the neurocognitive profile of HL.

N = 8,529 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center ≥60 years and free of cognitive impairment who were characterized as Untreated-, Treated-, or No HL. Outcomes included executive function (Trail Making Test [TMT] Part B), episodic memory (Immediate/Delayed Recall), language fluency (Vegetables, Boston Naming Test), and conversion to dementia. Regression models were fit to examine associations between HL and neurocognitive performance at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models examined the links between HL, neurocognitive scores, and development of dementia over follow-up.

At baseline, those with Untreated HL (versus No HL) had worse neurocognitive performance per standardized difference on executive function (TMT Part B [mean difference = 0.05 (95% CI 0.00, 0.10)]) and language fluency ere worn may reflect an inability to hear the test instructions. Future studies using cognitive assessments validated for use in HL are needed to evaluate the neuropsychological profile of HL and identify individuals at risk for dementia.

A growing but contrasting evidence relates air pollution to cognitive decline. The role of cerebrovascular diseases in amplifying this risk is unclear.

1) Investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and cognitive decline; 2) Test whether cerebrovascular diseases amplify this association.

We examined 2,253 participants of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). One major air pollutant (particulate matter ≤2.5μm, PM2.5) was assessed yearly from 1990, using dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses. The speed of cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) was estimated as the rate of MMSE decline (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper (25%fastest cognitive decline), versus the three lower quartiles. The cognitive scores were used to calculate the odds of fast cognitive decline per levels of PM2.5 using regression models and considering linear and restricted cubic splines of 10 years exposure before the baseline. The potential modifier effect of cerebrovascular diseases was tested by adding an interaction term in the model.

We observed an inverted U-shape relationship between PM2.5 and cognitive decline. The multi-adjusted piecewise regression model showed an increased OR of fast cognitive decline of 81%(95%CI = 1.2-3.2) per interquartile range difference up to mean PM2.5 level (8.6μg/m3) for individuals older than 80. Above such level we observed no further risk increase (OR = 0.89;95%CI = 0.74-1.06). The presence of cerebrovascular diseases further increased such risk by 6%.

Low to mean PM2.5 levels were associated with higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular diseases further amplified such risk.

Low to mean PM2.5 levels were associated with higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular diseases further amplified such risk.

Social functioning is an important parameter for the early detection and diagnosis of dementia, as well as the description of its course and the assessment of intervention effects. Therefore, valid and reliable instruments to measure social functioning in individuals with dementia are needed.

We aimed to provide an overview of such instruments including information on feasibility and psychometric properties.

The review is informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant literature was identified using a pre-specified search string in the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Information on the characteristics, feasibility, and psychometric properties of the identified instruments were extracted, summarized, and discussed.

Out of 5,307 articles, 8 were selected to be included in the study, describing a total of three instruments for measuring social functioning in individuals with dementia the Nurses' Observation Scale for Geriadementia, and adaptions to different languages and cultural backgrounds.

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation plays an important role in the physiological processes of the microcirculation. The complete mechanism of aggregation is still unclear, and it is influenced by several cellular and plasmatic factors. One of these factors is the hematocrit (Hct).

We hypothesized that the relation of RBC aggregation and Hct differs between species.

From anticoagulated blood samples of healthy volunteers, rats, dogs, and pigs, 20, 40, and 60 %Hct RBC, autologous plasma suspensions were prepared. Hematological parameters and RBC aggregation was determined by light-transmission and light-reflection method.

Suspensions at 20%and 60%Hct expressed lower RBC aggregation than of 40%Hct suspensions, showing inter-species differences. By curve fitting the Hct at the highest aggregation value differed in species (human 45.25%- M 5 s, 40.86%- amp;rat 44.44 %- M1 10 s, 39.37%- amp; dog 42.48%- M 5 s, 44.29%- amp; pig 47.63%- M 5 s, 52.8%- amp).

RBC aggregation - hematocrit relation shows inter-species differences. Human blood was found to be the most sensitive for hematocrit changes. The more obvious differences could be detected by M 5 s by light-transmission method and amplitude parameter using light-reflection method.

RBC aggregation - hematocrit relation shows inter-species differences. Human blood was found to be the most sensitive for hematocrit changes. The more obvious differences could be detected by M 5 s by light-transmission method and amplitude parameter using light-reflection method.

Shenfu injection (SFI) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which has been clinically used for treatment of septic shock and cardiac shock. The aim of this study was to clarify effects of SFI on cerebral microcirculation and brain injury after hemorrhagic shock (HS).

Twenty-one domestic male Beijing Landrace pigs were randomly divided into three groups SFI group (SFI, n = 8), saline group (SA, n = 8) or sham operation group (SO, n = 5). In the SFI group, animals were induced to HS by rapid bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg within 10 minutes and maintained at 40±3 mmHg for 60 minutes. Volume resuscitation (shed blood and crystalloid) and SFI were given after 1 hour of HS. In the SA group, animals received the same dose of saline instead of SFI. In the SO group, the same surgical procedure was performed but without inducing HS and volume resuscitation. Daporinad cost The cerebral microvascular flow index (MFI), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, aquaporin-4 expression, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ultrastructural of microvascular endothelia were measured.

Compared with the SA group, SFI significantly improved cerebral MFI after HS. SFI up regulated cerebral endothelial NOS expression, but down regulated interleukin-6, TNF-α, inducible NOS and aquaporin-4 expression compared with the SA group. The cerebral microvascular endothelial injury and interstitial edema in the SFI group were lighter than those in the SA group.

Combined application of SFI with volume resuscitation after HS can improve cerebral microcirculation and reduce brain injury.

Combined application of SFI with volume resuscitation after HS can improve cerebral microcirculation and reduce brain injury.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and costs of ultrasound guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus open thyroidectomy for treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) by using propensity score matching (PSM).

157 patients who underwent RFA and 206 patients who underwent surgery for low-risk PTMC were included in the study. The patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after treatment, and every half year thereafter. A 11 PSM method was applied to balance the pretreatment data of the two groups. In the matched group (133 patients for each), the operative time, length of hospital stay, hospitalization expenses, cosmetic results, complications were assessed and compared between two groups.

At last follow-up, 39 tumors (29.3%) in the RFA group completely disappeared. Between the well-matched groups, no local recurrence, lymph node metastasis or distant metastases were detected in either group during the follow-up period. After matching, the operation time and hospitalization time in RFA group were shorter than those in surgery group (both P <  0.05). The average hospitalization expense of the patients in RFA group was cheaper than that in surgery group (P <  0.05). Moreover, the cosmetic score was found to be higher in RFA group than that observed in surgery group (P <  0.05).

RFA may be an effective and safe method for treating low-risk PTMC with a superior advantage of being low-cost and having a shorter operation time and hospital stay versus surgery.

RFA may be an effective and safe method for treating low-risk PTMC with a superior advantage of being low-cost and having a shorter operation time and hospital stay versus surgery.

To compare the diagnostic efficacy of ACR TI-RADS, Kwak TI-RADS, ATA guidelines and KTA/KSThR guidelines in combination with shear wave elastography (SWE) for thyroid nodules.

The retrospective study included 566 thyroid nodules with maximum diameter≥5 mm which confirmed by FNA cytology or/and surgical pathology. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden index of diagnosis of thyroid nodules by ACR TI-RADS, Kwak TI-RADS, ATA guidelines, KTA/KSThR guidelines and SWE were calculated. The ROC curve was drawn to determine the cut-off values of the four ultrasound classification systems and SWE Emax. The diagnostic efficacy of the four ultrasound classification systems in combination with SWE were calculated and compared with those of pre-combination.

The ROC curves indicated that the cut-off value of ACR TI-RADS, Kwak TI-RADS, ATA guidelines, KTA/KSThR guidelines and Emax of SWE was TR5, 4c, high-suspicion, high-suspicion, and 41.7 kPa, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.907(0.879-0.