Freedmantorres2757

an increase in circulating PD-1 during anti-PD-1 treatment, as well as diverse immune plasma proteomic signatures in anti-PD-1 responders. This study demonstrates the potential of plasma proteomics as a liquid biopsy method and in discovery of putative predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 treatment in metastatic CM.Background Characterizing expression profiles of different immune checkpoint molecules are promising for personalized checkpoint inhibitory immunotherapy. Gliomas have been shown as potential targets for immune checkpoint inhibitors recently. Our study was performed to determine coexpression levels of two major B7 immune regulatory molecules programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and B7-H4, both of which have been demonstrated to inhibit antitumor host immunity in gliomas. Methods We assessed tumor tissues from stage II-IV primary gliomas (n=505) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for protein levels of both PD-L1 and B7-H4. Gene coexpression analysis assessing clusters based on extent of PD-L1/B7-H4 classifier genes expression were investigated in two transcriptome datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas). In addition, levels of immune cell infiltrates were estimated with IHC and RNA-seq data for assessing the tumor immune microenvironment of PD-L1/B7-H4 subgroups. Results High expression of Png that B7-H4 might inhibit T-cell trafficking into the central nervous system. This study demonstrated that PD-L1 and B7-H4 may serve as mutually compensatory immune checkpoint molecules in gliomas for immune targeted or active-specific immunotherapy. The distinct B7-H4 pathways modulating T-cell function and immune evasion in glioma patients deserved to be further explored in the future during immunotherapy.Between January 2016 and June 2019, there were over 13,900 apparent opioid-related deaths in Canada, solidifying the need for appropriate and effective services for people who use drugs (PWUD). Within government initiatives and policies, PWUD are often inappropriately considered a homogeneous group of individuals, with implementation of services nationally often being guided by these governmental bodies without meaningful consultation and collaboration with PWUD. However, recent harm reduction research and best practice guidelines have emphasized the importance of tailoring services to local drug scenes. Despite this, very little research on the cultural norms of PWUD exists in the literature. In an attempt to explore the local culture of drug use in Ottawa, a literature review ultimately uncovered very few articles on this topic. However, by expanding the search beyond Ottawa and using a social determinants of health framework, the factors of culture, income and social status, physical environment, and access to services were revealed as unique experiences for PWUD. Further, through four in-depth interviews with current harm reduction providers in Ottawa, the themes of (1) uncertainty and concerns surrounding the overdose crisis; (2) lack of flexibility in resources and access issues; and (3) diversity in the culture of drug use in Ottawa were explored. Recommendations surrounding partnering with PWUD, policy changes, and a safer supply were subsequently discussed. These findings helped to validate the reality of the unique drug-use culture in Ottawa, and the requirement for harm reduction services to be adapted to the local needs of PWUD.Background and purpose Reed's theory of self-transcendence is a nursing theory originally derived from inquiry on well-being in older adults. find more It has since become a viable theory for promoting well-being in all age groups and health/illness experiences. The current theory analysis aimed to uncover the applicability of Reed's theory in promoting individuals' self-transcendence and enhancing well-being. Although there is a wealth of evidence supporting the usefulness of Reed's theory, little is known about how nurses can understand and apply the theory in clinical practice. Methods The authors of this current theory analysis adopted Meleis' (2018) approach to theory analysis and evaluation. Results Reed's theory provides concepts that relate to nursing interventions, which foster the patients' ability to experience multi-level self-transcendence and, thus, enhanced well-being. Applying Reed's theory in clinical practice underpins professional enrichment and brings forth holistic care that assists in facilitating well-being. Conclusion Reed's theory of self-transcendence propels the individual beyond constrictive viewpoints of self and the world. The theory is useful for patients at all life-stages and in many different contexts. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses can draw on Reed's theory to develop activities that enhance patients' environment in order to promote self-transcendence. These theory-based activities can expand healthy self-boundaries intrapersonally, interpersonally, transpersonally, and temporally.Background Differences between patients' and nurses' perceptions of good nursing might be one of the barriers to optimal nursing care that matches the preferences of patients. A better understanding of the attributes of Good Nursing Care across different settings, circumstances, and patient populations will provide an integrated idea about Good Nursing Care, which can contribute to nursing theory development and future research. Purpose This study aimed to integrate the literature on patients' and nurses' perceptions of what constitutes Good Nursing Care and thereby identify the similarities and differences in patients' and nurses' perceptions of Good Nursing Care. Methods A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE was conducted for article published between January 2000 and June 2017. A total of 18 studies were identified and assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. The studies were analyzed and synthesized using Swanson's theory of caring as the theoretical framework. Results Some dissents and agreements were found between patients and nurses regarding the crucial attributes of Good Nursing Care. While "enabling," such as providing information, coaching, and guidance, was more emphasized by patients, "being with" (being present at the bedside) was more emphasized by nurses. "Doing for," especially expert performance and enhancing physical comfort, was the most frequently mentioned attribute of Good Nursing Care by both patients and nurses. Implications for practice Theoretical developments regarding Good Nursing Care-characterized by a balance between sufficient nursing knowledge and competent technical skills on one hand and patient empowerment based on trusting relationships on the other hand-would promote the provision of Good Nursing Care in clinical practice.