Foldagerhutchison0772

l Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.Background The effects of dietary garcinol on diarrhea and intestinal barrier function associated with its modulation of gut microbiota in weaned piglets were investigated. Method One hundred forty four weaned piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) from 16 pens (9 piglets per pen) were randomly divided into four treatment groups controls (CON) or those supplemented with 200 mg/kg (LOW), 400 mg/kg (MID), or 600 mg/kg (HIGH) diet garcinol. After 14-day trial, three piglets per pen were chosen to collect plasma, intestinal tissue and colonic digesta samples. Results We demonstrated for the first time that garcinol promoted growth performance, as increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and decreased feed/gain ratio (F/G); and reduced diarrhea incidence (P  less then  0.05); and strengthened antioxidant capacity, as an increased antioxidative index (P  less then  0.05). Additionally, garcinol ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction, as an increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, increased zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-1 expression in the jejunum and ileum (P  less then  0.05), and decreased intestinal permeability (P  less then  0.05); and reduced inflammation, as decreased cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the mucosa of the jejunum and ileum, and NF-κB p65 translocation (P  less then  0.05). Moreover, garcinol inhibited the growth of most harmful bacteria in the gut, especially Escherichia coli, and increased the growth of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus. Conclusion This work provides a fundamental basis for the future development of garcinol-functional food use for improving diarrhea and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets and for understanding the biological effects of garcinol and its potential as a functional feed additive. © The Author(s). 2020.Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare inflammatory process which not only involves thyroid gland but also the surrounding vital structures. It may also be associated with various forms of systemic fibrotic disorders. The exact etiology is not known, but currently, the most favored view is that of a localized form of the systemic fibrotic process. We report a case of Riedel's thyroiditis in a male patient, highlighting diagnostic challenges and a rare presentation of hypocalcemia and mimicking thyroid lymphoma. Clinical knowledge of such a presentation of Riedel's thyroiditis would enhance our ability to make a speedy diagnosis. Apart from avoiding aggressive surgical intervention, awareness of such a clinical entity may avoid complications and hence morbidity. Our case also highlights the difficulty in histological diagnosis which is vital to rule out malignancy and avoiding any major surgical intervention fraught with complications. Although the patient had a poor tolerance to Tamoxifen and Rituximab, however, his response to high dose steroids is the currently accepted treatment of choice. This case adds to the sparse literature available on the cytological diagnosis of RT and highlights the diagnostic challenge due to suspicious radiology findings. © 2020 The Author(s).Background Tangential excision in burn patients results in blood loss, with an average of 100 ml per 1% total body surface area (TBSA) excised. This substantial blood loss will be accompanied by decreasing serum albumin concentration, increasing inflammation, capillary leakage, and surgical stress. The importance of maintaining albumin level in burn injury is essential for wound healing, decreasing the susceptibility of sepsis, and preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome, the leading causes of death in burn injuries. Methods This was a prospective cohort study at our plastic surgery center in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia from January 2018. Serum albumin were sampled taken preoperatively and postoperatively after 24 h. Correlation to the percentage of burn tissue excised was analyzed. Result Twenty-eight patients with burn injury were enrolled as study subjects. There was a significant drop in serum albumin after tangential excision surgery compared to prior surgery in burn patients with mean reduction of 8.6 ± 7.3% (P-value  less then  0.05) to the mean postoperative albumin value is 0.15 ± 0.1 g/dL. The albumin drop was correlated with blood loss (r = 0.326, P-value  less then  0.05) but not with the excision area (r = 0.196), length of surgery (r = -0.077) and TBSA (r = -0.213). Strong correlation was shown between excision area with the amount of blood loss (r = 0.567, P-value = 0.001). Conclusion Tangential excision leads to a reduction in postoperative serum albumin concentration. The magnitude of albumin reduction strongly correlated with the amount of blood loss amount during the procedure. © 2020 The Author(s).This study undertakes an ex-ante evaluation of the effects of alternative technology and policy options on soybean supply and demand in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to 2050. Current soybean consumption in SSA is dominated by cooking oil followed by soybean cake used as animal feed. Due to weak processing sectors and low soybean yields, the region is currently importing about 70% of its consumption requirements. Based on the results from a geospatial bio-economic modeling framework, soybean consumption in SSA is projected to more than double by 2050 compared to 2010 due in part to a rising population and rising incomes. FGFR inhibitor On the other hand, supply from domestic production is projected to increase by 80% over the same period. Hence, by 2050, net imports into SSA would be nearly 4 times higher than supply from domestic production. Under a future drier climate, some of the production gains achieved through soybean research and extension would be lost and this would further worsen the soybean demand gap in SSA relative to the baseline. This study shows that relying on conventional breeding alone to increase soybean yields in SSA would not be enough to substantially reduce the future demand gap. A combination of promising innovations affecting the soybean value chain across SSA would be needed to close the soybean demand gap in SSA by 2050 under a drier future climate. © 2019 The Authors. Food and Energy Security published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. and the Association of Applied Biologists.