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Triple helix conformation of polysaccharides is generally believed to be associated with their biological activities. However, the formation mechanisms and analytical methods for the triple helix polysaccharides, to our best knowledge, have not been systematically investigated. This article reviews specifically the literature on the formation and characterization of triple-helix polysaccharides. The formation mechanisms and related structural-conformation-bioactivity relationships are discussed; various analytical methods for characterizing triple-helix polysaccharides are summarized. This review devotes to a better understanding of the formation of polysaccharides based triple-helix structure and related analytical methods. These could provide some insights and inspirations for their applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries.Carboxymethyl chitin hydrogels with different degree of substitution (DS) were prepared by the homogeneous carboxymethylation of chitin extracted from Hericium erinaceus residue. The effect of DS on gel structure and property were studied. Results showed that the DS of carboxymethyl chitin hydrogels can be increased by increasing the amount of sodium chloroacetate. The equilibrium swelling degree and pH swelling sensitivity of the hydrogels were enhanced as the increase of DS. Zeta potential, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, contact angle and molecular dynamics simulation results suggested that the introduction of carboxymethyl functional group enhanced the negative charge, water mobility, surface hydrophilicity and the ability to form hydrogen bonds with water of the hydrogels, resulting in an increased swelling degree of the hydrogels. Moreover, the prepared hydrogels showed different adsorption capability to various dyes, and the adsorption performance of the prepared hydrogels for cationic dyes could be enhanced as the increase of DS.Nowadays, drug encapsulation and drug release from cellulose nanofibrils systems are intense research topics, and commercial grades of cellulose nanomaterials are currently available. In this work we present an ester-containing prodrug of metronidazole that is covalently bound to cellulose nanofibrils in aqueous suspension through a two-step immobilization procedure involving green chemistry principles. The presence of the drug is confirmed by several characterization tools and methods such as Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Dynamic Nuclear Polarization enhanced NMR. This technique allows enhancing the sensitivity of NMR by several orders of magnitude. It has been used to study cellulose nanofibrils substrates and it appears as the ultimate tool to confirm the covalent nature of the binding through thiol-yne click chemistry. Moreover, the ester function of the immobilized prodrug can be cleaved by specific enzyme activity thus allowing controlled drug release.Magnetic nanoparticles that can be employed as Fenton-like catalysts Fenton-like catalysts are attractive materials for degrading antibiotics. In this study, we facilely prepared novel magnetic pullulan (MP) hydrogels by doping modified magnetic nanoparticles into pullulan matrices, which could enhance catalytic degradation performance and strengthen the stability of resulting hydrogels. This is the first time that MP hydrogels have been fabricated successfully and used as Fenton-like catalysts for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. MP hydrogels were characterized and their catalytic TCH degradation abilities were also investigated. The optimized conditions (pH value, Fe3O4 content, H2O2 content and TCH concentration) for TCH degradation were investigated. The optimized system showed excellent degradation efficiency for TCH. Further, the degradation mechanism was comprehensively studied. Finally, synthesized MP hydrogels showed impressive reusability and stability in the cycle experiment. Thus, our findings would open new possibilities to develop magnetic hydrogels in eliminating antibiotic contaminants.Uniaxially assembling cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can induce strong solid-state emission based on optical inelastic scattering, whereas the CNC assembly membranes are not flexible enough for further applications. Thus, we introduced CNC into flexible sodium alginate (SA) and further controlled the assembly structure of CNC to increase the membrane toughness and maintain the emission properties. The results indicated that the stretchability increased from 0.027 % to 37 % when 33-37% when 33 % SA was introduced. The assembly achirality was controlled by tuning CNC concentration in suspension, and the co-assembly could further control the wavelength of the assembly-induced emission from 420 nm to 440 nm. Furthermore, the improved stretchability made assembly membrane an optical sensor, whose excitation wavelength blue-shifted about 30 nm under a 30 % strain. The emission of the co-assembly membrane could also respond to humidity, and this cellulose-based material should have great potential in biosensor and wearable devices.In this research, emulsions and nanoemulsions containing two concentrations of vitamin D were added to quince seed gum film and its properties were examined. Incorporation of emulsified oil droplets to the films structure was confirmed by FTIR. It was observed that presence of emulsion and nanoemulsion in the films, increased their thickness, opacity, and hydrophobicity and interaction of the gum chains with water molecules was decreased and so, water vapor permeability, water solubility, and moisture content decreased. Due to the penetration of oil molecules to the chain, the resultant films had higher elongation at break and lower tensile strength. SEM micrographs of samples showed instability of the oil droplets within the matrix. Vitamin content during 14 days of storage showed that it was more stable at lower concentration and in the nanoemulsion compared to emulsion. So, quince seed gum films containing vitamin can be introduces as an ideal edible packaging.The linear anionic polysaccharide alginate (ALG) has been comprehensively studied for biomedical applications, yet thus far the in vivo fate of this polymer has not been explored in detail. selleck compound The current study therefore evaluates the biodistribution of ultrapure ALG (M/G ratio ≥ 0.67 with a measured Mw of 530 kg/mol and polydispersity index; PDI of 1.49) over a 14-day period in BALB/c mice. The biodistribution pattern over 2-days after sample administration using PET imaging with 64Cu-labelled ALG showed liver and spleen uptake. This was confirmed by the 14-day biodistribution profile of cyanine 5-labelled ALG from in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Using MacGreen mice confirmed the uptake of the ALG by macrophages in the spleen at the 2-day time point. This extended biodistribution study confirmed the clearance of only a portion of the administered ALG biopolymer, but also uptake by macrophage populations in the spleen over a 14-day period.