Fitzgeraldnorman1294

Globally, nearly one in five people who inject drugs (PWID) are living with HIV, and the rate of new HIV infections in PWID is increasing in some settings. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective HIV control. We reviewed the evidence on the association between opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and HIV testing uptake among PWID.

We conducted a systematic review searching MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsycINFO for studies published from January 2000 to March 2019. Reference lists and conference proceedings were hand-searched. Observational and intervention studies were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models.

Of 13 373 records identified, 11 studies from Australia, Europe, Malaysia and the United States were included. All studies had at least a serious risk of bias, largely due to confounding and selection bias, making it difficult to draw causal conclusions from the evidence. Ten studies provided data on the association between current OAT use and recent HIV testing. Six showed a positive association, while four provided little evidence of an association pooled odds ratio (OR)=1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.28-2.27. Looking at having ever been on OAT and having ever been HIV tested, seven studies showed a positive association and three showed either weak or no evidence of an association pooled OR=3.82, 95% CI=2.96-4.95.

Opioid agonist therapy may increase uptake of HIV testing among people who inject drugs, providing further evidence that opioid agonist therapy improves the HIV treatment care cascade.

Opioid agonist therapy may increase uptake of HIV testing among people who inject drugs, providing further evidence that opioid agonist therapy improves the HIV treatment care cascade.

To examine how circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations during liraglutide treatment relate to its therapeutic actions on glucose and weight, and to study the effects of liraglutide on other proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs), including endogenous GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, glucagon, oxyntomodulin, glicentin and major proglucagon fragment, which also regulate metabolic and weight control.

Adults who were overweight/obese (body mass index 27-40 kg/m

) with prediabetes were randomized to liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) versus placebo for 14 weeks. We used specific assays to measure exogenous (liraglutide, GLP-1 agonist [GLP-1A]) and endogenous (GLP-1E) GLP-1, alongside five other PGDP concentrations during a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) completed at baseline and at week 14 (liraglutide, n = 16; placebo, n = 19). Glucose during MMTT, steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration for insulin resistance and insulin secretion rate (ISR) were previously measured. MMTT area-under-the-cue processed in pancreatic alpha cells.

Circulating GLP-1A concentrations, reflecting liraglutide levels, predict improvement in weight, insulin action and secretion in a linear manner. Importantly, liraglutide also downregulates other PGDPs, normalization of the levels of which may provide additional metabolic and weight loss benefits in the future.

Circulating GLP-1A concentrations, reflecting liraglutide levels, predict improvement in weight, insulin action and secretion in a linear manner. Importantly, liraglutide also downregulates other PGDPs, normalization of the levels of which may provide additional metabolic and weight loss benefits in the future.

To evaluate efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of single-agent everolimus in pediatric patients with radiographically progressive low-grade glioma (LGG).

Everolimus was administered at 5mg/m

once daily as a tablet or liquid for a planned 48-week duration or until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Tacrolimus in vitro Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 were excluded. PK and pharmacodynamic endpoints were assessed in consenting patients.

Twenty-three eligible patients (median age 9.2years) were enrolled. All patients received prior chemotherapy (median number of prior regimens two) and/or radiotherapy (two patients). By week 48, two patients had a partial response, 10 stable disease, and 11 clinical or radiographic progression; two discontinued study prior to 1year (toxicity 1, physician determination 1). With a median follow up of 1.8years (range 0.2-6.7years), the 2-, 3-, and 5-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 39±11%, 26±11%, and 26±11%, respectively; two patients died of disease. The 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) were all 93±6%. Grade 1 and 2 toxicities predominated; two definitively related grade 3 toxicities (mucositis and neutropenia) occurred. Grade 4 elevation of liver enzymes was possibly related in one patient. Predose blood levels showed substantial variability between patients with 45.5% below and 18.2% above the target range of 5-15ng/mL. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated significant inhibition in phospho-S6, 4E-BP1, and modulation of c-Myc expression.

Daily oral everolimus provides a well-tolerated, alternative treatment for multiple recurrent, radiographically progressive pediatric LGG. Based on these results, everolimus is being investigated further for this patient population.

Daily oral everolimus provides a well-tolerated, alternative treatment for multiple recurrent, radiographically progressive pediatric LGG. Based on these results, everolimus is being investigated further for this patient population.

Several guidelines recommend that patients with chronic kidney disease treated by haemodialysis (HD) take care of their own arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The dialysis nurse plays an important role in the development of such self-care behaviours. A very small number of instruments are available to assess self-care behaviours with AVF in Turkey.

Cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the Turkish version of the scale of assessment of self-care behaviours with arteriovenous fistula in haemodialysis (ASBHD-AVF) patients.

Cross-sectional validation study.

This study was conducted involving 160 patients in the Bolu region in Turkey. The guidelines provided by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat were taken into account in the scale translation, adaptation and validation process. Validity was analysed through content validity and construct validity. The latter was measured through principal component analysis with varimax rotation, considering only factor loadings of 0.30 or larger. Reliability analysis was based on internal consistency measured by Cronbach's α.