Fitzgeraldlillelund9439

Little is known about nonfatal firearm injuries in the United States, and national estimates based on emergency department samples may not be accurate.

To describe the incidence and distribution of nonfatal firearm injuries and estimate case fatality ratios (CFRs) for firearm injuries by external cause of injury code within California overall and by race/ethnicity, including an assessment of trends over time and geographic variation within the state.

This serial cross-sectional study used complete statewide data for firearm-related mortality, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations among California residents from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2015, to analyze incidence, distribution, and CFRs of firearm injury. Data were analyzed from 2018 to 2019.

All individuals in California with a firearm injury based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes were included.

formation about these trends nationwide.

These findings suggest that although the number of firearm injuries has decreased in California, the lethality of these injuries has not. Similar studies from other states could provide more information about these trends nationwide.

ClinicalTrials.gov is a valuable resource that can be used to trace the state and nature of trials. Since its launch in 2000, more than 345 000 trials have been registered. Little is known about the characteristics and trends in clinical trials over time and how they differ by sponsor type.

To assess trends in clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov over time and by sponsor type.

This cross-sectional study included clinical trials (interventional studies) registered in ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2019. The trials were grouped by lead sponsor National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other US government agencies, industry, and other sources (foundations, universities, hospitals, clinics, and others). A static version of the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database was downloaded on January 1, 2020, for analysis.

ClinicalTrials.gov registration fields, including overall status, phase, intervention, number of sitees.

The findings suggest that the composition and design of trials changed from 2000 to 2019 and differed substantially by sponsor type. Increased funding toward larger randomized clinical trials may be warranted to inform clinical decision-making and guide future research.

The findings suggest that the composition and design of trials changed from 2000 to 2019 and differed substantially by sponsor type. Increased funding toward larger randomized clinical trials may be warranted to inform clinical decision-making and guide future research.

Youth living with HIV make up one-quarter of new infections and have high rates of risk behaviors but are significantly understudied. Effectiveness trials in real-world settings are needed to inform program delivery.

To compare the effectiveness of the Healthy Choices intervention delivered in a home or community setting vs a medical clinic.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 1, 2014, to January 31, 2018, with 52 weeks of follow-up. Participants, recruited from 5 adolescent HIV clinics in the United States, were youths and young adults living with HIV aged 16 to 24 years who were fluent in English, were currently prescribed HIV medication, had a detectable viral load, and had used alcohol in the past 12 weeks. Individuals with an active psychosis that resulted in an inability to complete questionnaires were excluded. Data were analyzed from May to December, 2019.

Participants were randomized to receive the Healthy Choices intervention in either a home or clinic setting. Four 30ndardized β = -0.44; 95% CI,-0.81 to -0.07; P = .02).

In this trial, the Healthy Choices intervention resulted in improvements in viral load and alcohol use over 12 months. GS-0976 clinical trial Unexpectedly, the clinic setting outperformed home-based delivery for viral suppression. Although cross-sectional differences in ASSIST scores were nonsignificant, clinic delivery did improve the trajectory of ASSIST scores during follow-up. Thus, clinics may be the more effective site for interventions aimed at viral load reduction for young people living with HIV.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01969461.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01969461.

As the third most frequently mutated gene in cancers, the association between MUC16 mutation and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in solid tumors remains unclear.

To examine whether MUC16 mutation is associated with genomic factors in ICI response in solid tumors and with outcomes in ICI-treated patients.

This cohort study used multidimensional genomic data of 10 195 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) across 30 solid tumor types, 56 patients from a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort, and 145 patients from a melanoma cohort. Genomic factors associated with ICI response covered tumor mutational burden, neoantigens, immune-related gene signatures, and tumor immune microenvironment. Both NSCLC and melanoma cohorts included ICI-treated patients. The TCGA cohort was used to examine the association of MUC16 mutation with genomic factors. Two ICI-treated cohorts were used to explore the significance of outcomes associated with MUC16 mutation, using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox modted with response to and improved outcomes for ICI treatment in solid tumors. It may hold promise as a marker for guiding immunotherapeutic responsiveness.

MUC16 mutation appears to be associated with reported genomic factors associated with response to and improved outcomes for ICI treatment in solid tumors. It may hold promise as a marker for guiding immunotherapeutic responsiveness.

The risk of death from acute pulmonary embolism can range as high as 15%, depending on patient factors at initial presentation. Acute treatment decisions are largely based on an estimate of this mortality risk.

To assess the performance of risk assessment scores in a modern, US cohort of patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

This multicenter cohort study was conducted between October 2016 and October 2017 at 8 hospitals participating in the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) Consortium registry. Included patients were adults who presented with acute pulmonary embolism and had sufficient information in the medical record to calculate risk scores. Data analysis was performed from March to May 2020.

All-cause mortality (7- and 30-day) and associated discrimination were assessed by the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC).

Among 416 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (mean [SD] age, 61.3 [17.6] years; 207 men [49.8%]), 7-day mortality in the low-risk groups ranged from 1.3% (1 patient) to 3.