Fiskermcneill9516

With the outbreak of unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, a new coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), aroused the attention of the entire world. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 in China as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Two other coronavirus infections-SARS in 2002-2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012-both caused severe respiratory syndrome in humans. All 3 of these emerging infectious diseases leading to a global spread are caused by β-coronaviruses. Although coronaviruses usually infect the upper or lower respiratory tract, viral shedding in plasma or serum is common. Therefore, there is still a theoretical risk of transmission of coronaviruses through the transfusion of labile blood products. Because more and more asymptomatic infections are being found among COVID-19 cases, considerations of blood safety and coronaviruses have arisen especially in endemic areas. In this review, we detail current evidence and understanding of the transmission of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 through blood products as of February 10, 2020, and also discuss pathogen inactivation methods on coronaviruses. BACKGROUND The survival of women with cystic fibrosis (CF) is lower than that of men by approximately 5 years. While various factors have been put forward to account for this discrepancy, no specific reasons have been established. Our hypothesis was that anatomical-structural involvement is more pronounced in women with CF than in men and that this is reflected in thoracic HRCT findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a prospective multicentre study, in which adult patients were consecutively included over 18 months. Chest HRCT was performed, and findings were scored by 2 thoracic radiologists using the modified Bhalla system. We also studied respiratory function, applied the CFQR 14+ questionnaire, and collected clinical variables. RESULTS Of the 360 patients followed up in the participating units, 160 were eventually included. Mean age was 28 years, and 47.5% were women. The mean±SD global score on the modified Bhalla score was 13.7±3.8 in women and 15.2±3.8 in men (p=0.024). The highest scores were observed for sacculations, bronchial generations, and air trapping in women. Women had lower BMI, %FEV1, %FVC, and %DLCO. Similarly, the results for the respiratory domain in CFQR 14+ were worse in women, who also had more annual exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to provide evidence of the implication of sex differences in HRCT findings in patients with CF. Women with CF present a more severe form of the disease that results in more frequent exacerbations, poorer functional and nutritional outcomes, deterioration of quality of life, and greater structural damage. Dr. Helen Pulaski served as Chief Medical Officer aboard the Starship Enterprise in the 24th century (in the second season of Star Trek The Next Generation). She was depicted as a grumpy and curmudgeonly character in the mould of Dr. "Bones" McCoy in the original series from the 1960s. Like all other Star Trek Doctors, her skills are legion and she is an excellent medic with a highly evolved sense of ethics. V.Since Dr. McCoy in The Original Series, Star Trek has had a doctor in every subsequent series. Star Trek Enterprise ran between 2001 and 2005. In this series, the alien humanoid Doctor Phlox was the chief medical officer of the starship Enterprise NX-01. Phlox is truly alien, both biologically and in his cultural norms. However he is tolerant of human mores and customs and indeed, embraces them. Peficitinib His very alienness occasionally saves the crew from attacks which exploit human vulnerabilities. It is also this alienness, with very little sleep requirements, that permits him to be almost always available to his patients. Furthermore, Phlox frequently used an array of exotic alien flora and fauna in his medical treatments, but he does not eschew modern medicine, professionally utilising the typical gamut of futuristic instruments and devices to which Star Trek audiences are accustomed. He is thus the "the prototype of the multicultural homeopathic physician of the future, comfortable with technology but knowledgeable regarding the more natural means of healing". It is these two traits which endear him to modern viewers, availability and naturalistic treatments. He is a truly unique doctor who furthers the vision of Star Trek's creator, Gene Roddenberry, of a multicultural bridge crew, since the inception of The Original Series in 1966. This paper will review Dr. Beverly Crusher in the television series Star Trek The Next Generation (1987-1994) and in subsequent films. This formidable woman epitomizes the rise of feminism in the 1980s and 1990s, with the subsequent feminization of all of the professions, including medicine. She is a widowed single mother, a beautiful woman and an extremely competent medic who delivers care with compassion. Her sense of ethics is boundless and her abilities also include command capacity, with the ability to take control of the starship if required. Crusher is a role model not only for female health care providers, but for us all. V.Doctors are crucial crewmembers in Star Trek. This paper will discuss the medic who is arguably the most well-known of all of the gesamtkunstwerk's doctors, Leonard Horatio McCoy in Star Trek The Original Series (1966-69). The core trio of Captain Kirk, the alien Science Officer Spock and Dr. McCoy comprise a command troika modelled on classical mythology. McCoy's humanity was used to deliberately balance science officer Spock's cold and inhuman logic. It was thus that McCoy, despite his occasional curmudgeonly crankiness became the human conscience of the ship and its de facto (if not de jure) ethics officer, a role that would be reprised by all of the successive doctors in Star Trek. Doctors are frequently depicted as important protagonists in science fiction, including in the science fiction franchise Star Trek. This paper will profile Drs. Philip Boyce and Mark Piper from the first two Star Trek pilot episodes. These doctors are interdisciplinarians with a variety of skills that permit them to cope with exotic maladies and biological afflictions of all kinds. However, they are also humanists who befriend their captains and act as psychological counselors whenever needed. Despite their brief appearances in only one episode each, this trope is later carried over to all of their other medical successors in the Star Trek timeline, as will be shown in the rest of the papers in this collection. V.