Fieldsjamison7435

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it had rapidly spread to the whole world and seriously threatened the global health. Imaging examination plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of this disease, which leads to the high infection risk of the medical staff in the radiology department. In this review, the authors thoroughly summed up the experience in the management and operation of radiology department and shared their experience of the protective and control strategies and work plan during the epidemic, including but not limited to the management framework of the radiology department, the environment and layout in the department, the requirements for protection of different posts and the equipment, as well as the essential diagnosis of COVID-19. It is worth noting that the main goal of the radiology department in every country is to complete the radiology examination safely and make an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42058-021-00055-5.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42058-021-00055-5.Background Acid mine drainage (AMD) leads to contamination of surface and ground water by high levels of toxic metals including chromium. In many cases, these waters are sources of drinking water for communities, and treatment is therefore required before consumption to prevent negative health effects. Methods Cationised hemp cellulose was prepared by etherification with two quaternary ammonium salts 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and examined for (i) the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal under acid mine-drainage (AMD) conditions, and (ii) antibacterial activity. Adsorbents were characterised by electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CP-MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental composition and surface charge. Results FTIR and solid state 13C NMR confirmed the introduction of quaternary ammonium moieties on cellulose. 13C NMR also showed that cationisation decreased the degree of crystallisation and lateral dimensions of cellulose fibrils. Nevertheless, 47 % - 72 % of Cr(VI) ions were removed from solutions at pH 4, by 0.1 g of CHPTAC and GTMAC-cationised cellulose, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model and isotherms were best described by the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. When GTMAC-modified cellulose was applied to AMD contaminated water (pH 2.7); however, Cr(VI) removal decreased to 22% likely due to competition from Al and Fe ions. Cationised materials displayed considerable antibacterial effects, reducing the viability of Escherichia coli by up to 45 % after just 3 hours of exposure. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that cationised cellulose can be applied in the treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated mine water particularly if pre-treatments to reduce Fe and Al concentrations are applied.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide, with the most severe disease occurring in very young infants. Despite half a century of research there still are no licensed RSV vaccines. Difficulties in RSV vaccine development stem from a number of factors, including (a) a very short time frame between birth and first RSV exposure; (b) interfering effects of maternal antibodies; and (c) differentially regulated immune responses in infants causing a marked T helper 2 (Th2) immune bias. This review seeks to provide an age-specific understanding of RSV immunity critical to the development of a successful pediatric RSV vaccine. Historical and future approaches to the prevention of infant RSV are reviewed, including passive protection using monoclonal antibodies or maternal immunization strategies versus active infant immunization using pre-fusion forms of RSV F protein antigens formulated with novel adjuvants such as Advax that avoid excess Th2 immune polarization.

COVID-19 is a novel disease that has been associated with changes in haemostasis and increased risk of thrombosis, especially in patients who are critically ill.

a 71-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with acute respiratory failure. The patient had been discharged from the hospital 1 day before, after apparent recovery of a proven COVID-19 infection. SBI-0640756 concentration Relevant medical history reports polycythemia vera. The diagnostic work-up included a CT-scan of the thorax, revealing bilateral sub-segmental pulmonary embolism. An echocardiogram showed a dilated right ventricle with poor systolic function and a large multi-lobar thrombus. Forty-eight hours after initiation of treatment with therapeutic anticoagulation the thrombus was no longer seen on the echocardiogram.

This case confirms the high risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 infection as has been described in recent literature. It demonstrates the severity of the coagulopathy given the presence of both bilateral sub-segmental pulmonary embolism and right ventricular thrombus, despite treatment with prophylactic anticoagulation. Remarkable in this case is the fact that the patient had a myeloproliferative neoplasm (polycythaemia vera). This is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, especially in the presence of erythrocytosis, leucocytosis, and/or inflammation.

This case confirms the high risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 infection as has been described in recent literature. It demonstrates the severity of the coagulopathy given the presence of both bilateral sub-segmental pulmonary embolism and right ventricular thrombus, despite treatment with prophylactic anticoagulation. Remarkable in this case is the fact that the patient had a myeloproliferative neoplasm (polycythaemia vera). This is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, especially in the presence of erythrocytosis, leucocytosis, and/or inflammation.

Early diagnosis of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) can be extremely difficult, as the common clinical picture is often attributed to more common clinical conditions. High degree of suspicion is key to diagnosis which can be much more difficult during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

A 61-year-old man with inferolateral ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by a stent to the left circumflex artery and intravenous abciximab treatment was started for the high thrombus burden. Two hours later, the patient developed dyspnoea and hypoxaemia. Chest examination revealed diffuse rales over both lung fields. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar infiltrates, while the echocardiography was normal. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed and the 'crazy paving appearance', which is the typical radiological finding of COVID-19, was reported. The patient was considered to be suspected of COVID-19 and was transferred to a quarantine unit. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was obtained and azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine were initiated.