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specializing in care of older people to conduct research, although considered relevant to their practice, were not very positive. The study results in recommendations to motivate physicians in geriatrics training to conduct research, eg through personalized boosting of self-efficacy. This is crucial to motivate future physicians to contribute to research relevant to older people in more ways than just delivering data for research conceived by (non-clinical) researchers.

Medical education seeks to develop active methods of learning in addition to skills for patient interaction. With this in mind, the University of South Carolina (UofSC) School of Medicine Greenville developed a curriculum with an integrated emergency medical technician (EMT) certification course designed to provide a meaningful clinical experience for students; however, no data exists on whether this type of course influences a student's decision to apply to or attend a medical school and how such a course affects the transition to the medical school environment. The purpose of this study was to determine if an EMT course, as part of the medical school curriculum, influences students' decision to apply and attend a particular medical school and if this course influences students' transition to medical school while providing awareness of patients' lives and circumstances.

A voluntary anonymous survey was distributed in Spring 2019 to first-, second-, third-, and fourth- year medical students at the UofSC School of Medicine Greenville. Response rates were 68.5%, 66.3%, 55.2%, and 56.9%, respectively.

Forty-three percent of students agreed/strongly agreed that the EMT course at UofSC School of Medicine Greenville factored into their decision to apply while 52% of students agreed/strongly agreed that it factored into their decision to attend. Students agreed/strongly agreed (82%) that the program helped with medical school transition. Ninety-one percent of students reported that EMT experiences increased awareness of patients' lives and circumstances.

Students felt an EMT certification course at the beginning of the first year helped with the transition to medical school and increased awareness of patients' lives and circumstances.

Students felt an EMT certification course at the beginning of the first year helped with the transition to medical school and increased awareness of patients' lives and circumstances.Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was described as a small volume of plasma containing higher concentrations of platelets than those found in peripheral blood and initially used as a transfusion product for treatment of thrombocytopenia. To date, it was discovered that there are several growth factors and cytokines that can accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration, leading to a wider range of applications in the medical field, such as in sport medicine, regenerative medicine, and aesthetic medicine. Several studies have shown that PRP can be used effectively for treatment of hair loss. Although it has been widely used, the exact mechanism of action of PRP is still not fully elucidated. In this article, we aim to review and update current information on the definition, classification, mechanism of action, clinical efficacy in hair regrowth, and adverse events of PRP.The dairy farming industry is facing massive economic losses as heat stress continues to rise. The purpose of this study was to see how feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC) influences productive performance, lactation performance, serum biochemical indexes, hormonal level, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in mid-lactating cows during heat stress. Forty-five healthy mid-lactation dairy cows with comparable milk yield, lactation days, and parity were randomly divided into 3 groups (15 cows in each group). The control group (CON) was fed the basal diet, while the treatment groups were fed the basal diet + first Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture 100 g/d (SC-1) and the basal diet + second Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture 30 g/d (SC-2), respectively. The SC-1 and SC-2 groups with SC added in the treatment groups reduced rectal temperature and respiratory rate in heat-stressed cows (P 0.05); (ii) increased serum levels of immunoglobulin-A, immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin M, interleukin-4, interleukin-10 and heat shock protein-70 (P less then 0.05), while decreasing serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-2, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (P less then 0.05); (iii) increased total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in serum (P less then 0.05), while decreasing malondialdehyde; (iv) increased serum levels of glucocorticoids, insulin, cortisol and prolactin (P less then 0.05), while decreasing the serum levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine (P less then 0.05). In conclusion, under the current experimental conditions, the addition of SC can reduce rectal temperature and respiratory rate in heat-stressed mid-lactation cows, reduce the number of somatic cells in milk and improve the mid-lactation cow performance. In addition, SC addition to the diet can raise serum urea levels, regulate serum hormone levels, boost antioxidant capacity in mid-lactation cows, and boost overall immunity.The pathological mechanisms of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in pigs are poorly understood. We report the induction of intestinal inflammation in heat-stressed (HS) pigs, fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to mice, and explain the role of microorganisms in IBD. 24 adult pigs were subjected to HS (34 ± 1 °C; 75-85% relative humidity for 24h) while 24 control pigs (CP) were kept at 25 ± 3°C and the same humidity. Pigs were sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, 21. Colonic content microbiome analyses were conducted. Pseudo-germ-free mice were fed by gavage with fecal microbiota from HS-pigs and CP to induce pig-like responses in mice. From 7 d, HS-pigs exhibited fever and diarrhea, and significantly lower colonic mucosal thickness, crypt depth/width, and goblet cell number. Compared with each control group, the concentration of cortisol in the peripheral blood of HS pigs gradually increased, significantly so on days 7, 14, and 21 (P less then 0.01). While the concentrat the colon and the increase in diarrhea in mammals subjected to prolonged HS. Our results provide useful information for preventing or ameliorating deficits in pig production caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures.Prudent antimicrobial use requires knowledge of pharmacokinetics (PK) in a specific fish species which in turn depends on water temperature and salinity. Although the influence of each individual factor is known, the combined effect is less clear. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of temperature and salinity concurrently on the PK of florfenicol (FF) in Nile tilapia reared in brackish water. Twenty-eight fish were divided into four groups and kept at one of two temperatures (24 vs. 32°C) and two salinity levels (5 vs. 15 ppt). The FF was administered at a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight via oral gavage. The serum concentrations were analyzed by HPLC method and the PK parameters were analyzed by a 2-compartmental model. The result revealed that at 32°C, the elimination half-lives (t1/2β), time to reach the peak concentration (Tmax), area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC), and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly decreased, while the clearance relative to bioavailability (CL/F) significantly increased compared to those at 24°C. The extents of these PK changes were similar at the two salinity levels. On the contrary, increasing the salinity from 5 to 15 ppt at a given temperature level produced no significant change in the PK behavior. Our finding indicated that only water temperature, but not salinity, is the major determinant factor governing the FF fate in the fish body.

Early recognition of pre-capillary (PC) pulmonary hypertension (PH) benefits dogs, allowing earlier treatment and improving prognosis. The value of focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) to diagnose PH and assess its severity has not been investigated yet.

A subjective 10-point FCU pulmonary hypertension score (PHS) allows diagnosis and assessment of severity of PCPH.

This study involved fifty client-owned dogs.

Dogs, recruited between September 2017 and February 2020, were classified into four categories (no, mild, moderate, and severe PH; C1 to C4, respectively). C1 and C2, and C3 and C4 were regrouped as group 1 and group 2, respectively. A blinded general practitioner assessed four FCU cineloops. Five echocardiographic parameters were subjectively scored, resulting in a total score of 0-10. Non-parametric tests compared global scores between categories and groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the cutoff value to differentiate group 1 and group 2. A gray zone approach allowed diagnosing or excluding moderate to severe PH with 90% certitude.

Global scores were significantly higher for C4 than for C1, C2, and C3. Global scores of G2 were significantly higher than G1. The ROC curve indicated a cutoff value of 5, discriminating group 1 from group 2 with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 100%. A score of ≥5/10 allowed diagnosing moderate to severe PH with ≥90% certainty while a score of ≤2/10 excluded PH with ≥90% certainty.

Moderate to severe PCPH can be accurately detected by non-cardiologists using a 10-point FCU PHS score.

Moderate to severe PCPH can be accurately detected by non-cardiologists using a 10-point FCU PHS score.We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of silymarin solid dispersion in pigs to determine whether silybin bioavailability would be increased over that of a silymarin premix. In vitro dissolution testing was conducted using dissolution apparatus 1 (baskets) at 100 rpm at 37 ± 0.5°C in pH 1.2 HCl, pH 6.8 phosphate, and pH 4.3 acetate buffers containing 0.5% Tween-80. In vivo pharmacokinetics were studied using 16 healthy pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) that were randomly assigned to two groups. Silymarin as solid dispersion and premix dosage forms were administered directly by stomach tubes at 50 mg kg-1 silybin. In vitro dissolution of silybin for the premix was 35.02, 35.90, and 38.70% in these buffers, respectively. In contrast, silybin dissolution in solid dispersions was increased to 82.92, 87.48, and 99.70%, respectively. Zn-C3 Silymarin solid dispersion administered at a single dose resulted in a peak concentration (Cmax) of 1,190.02 ± 246.97 ng ml-1 with the area under the curve (AUC0-∞) at 1,299.19 ± 67.61 ng ml-1 h. These parameters for the premix groups were 411.35 ± 84.92 ng ml-1 and 586.82 ± 180.99 ng ml-1 h, respectively. The Cmax and AUC0-∞ values for the solid dispersion were about twice that of the premix and were consistent with the in vitro dissolution data.

Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PT-DLBCL) is a rare and aggressive form of mature B-cell lymphoma commonly found in elder males, but its genetic features are poorly understood. In this study, we had performed target-sequencing of 360 lymphoma-related genes on 76 PT-DLBCL patients with a median age of 65 (33-89). Our data provide a comprehensive understanding of the landscape of mutations in a small subset of PT-DLBCL.

A total of 76 PT-DLBCL patients were sequenced, and their clinical data and follow-up data were collected. The relationship between mutated genes, clinical data and prognosis and survival of PT-DLBCL patients was retrospectively analyzed by statistical software.

We observed a median of 15 protein-altering variants per patient in our data and was identified recurrent oncogenic mutations of 360 lymphoma-related genes involved in PT-DLBCL, including

(74%),

(50%),

(38%),

(34%),

(34%),

(34%) and

(24%). Compared with classic DLBCL, PT-DLBCL showed an increased mutation frequency of

, while

appeared exclusive mutated with

and

.