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Correspondingly, the fluorescence recovers and its ratio to the constant fluorescence reference is linear to the targets' concentration. Using a D-catalyst and thrombin as model analytes, the Ru-SiO2@PDA-based nanoplatform shows high sensitivity and good accuracy in the serum sample analysis. Regarding these attractive properties, the Ru-SiO2@PDA nanoplatform provides a new avenue for the accurate and sensitive fluorescence assay of a wide range of targets in complex systems.The development of efficient and low-cost flexible metal electrodes is significant for flexible rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). selleck chemicals llc Herein, we reported a new type of flexible metal (zinc and nickel) electrode fabricated via a two-step deposition method on polyurethane sponges (PUS) for flexible ZABs. Compared to conventional electrodes, the metal-coated PUS electrodes exhibited great flexibility, softness, and natural mechanical resilience. In addition, a flexible sandwich-structured ZAB was assembled with the metal-coated PUS electrodes and in situ cross-linked polyacrylic acid (PAA)-KOH hydrogel electrolyte. The flexible ZAB presented stable discharge/charge performance even under complex rolling and twisting deformations. Moreover, inspired by the kirigami-strategy for device-level stretchability, a 100% stretchable fence-shaped ZAB and a 160% stretchable serpentine-shaped ZAB were cut from the above-mentioned flexible ZABs. The kirigami-inspired configuration enabled the battery performance to be stable during stretching, benefiting from the softness of the PUS@metal electrode. These flexible and stretchable ZABs would broaden the promising applications for portable and wearable energy storage devices.Among the multitudinous methodologies to steer on-surface reactions, less attention has been paid to the effect of externally introduced halogen atoms. Herein, highly selective trans-dehydrogenation coupling at the specific meta-C-H site of two poly(p-phenylene) molecules, p-quaterphenyl (Ph4) and p-quinquephenyl (Ph5), is achieved on Cu(111) by externally introduced bromine atoms. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy experiments reveal that the formed molecular assembly structure at a stoichiometric ratio of 41 for Br to Ph4 or 51 for Br to Ph5 can efficiently promote the reactive collision probability to trigger the trans-coupling reaction at the meta-C-H site between two neighboring Ph4 or Ph5 molecules, leading to an increase in the coupling selectivity. Such Br atoms can also affect the electronic structure and adsorption stability of the reacting molecules. It is conceptually demonstrated that externally introduced halogen atoms, which can provide an adjustable halogen-to-precursor stoichiometry, can be employed to efficiently steer on-surface reactions.Porous materials design often faces a trade-off between the requirements of high internal surface area and high reagent flux. Inorganic materials with asymmetric/hierarchical pore structures or well-defined mesopores have been tested to overcome this trade-off, but success has remained limited when the strategies are employed individually. Here, the attributes of both strategies are combined and a scalable path to porous titanium nitride (TiN) and carbon membranes that are conducting (TiN, carbon) or superconducting (TiN) is demonstrated. These materials exhibit a combination of asymmetric, hierarchical pore structures and well-defined mesoporosity throughout the material. Fast transport through such TiN materials as an electrochemical double-layer capacitor provides a substantial improvement in capacity retention at high scan rates, resulting in state-of-the-art power density (28.2 kW kg-1) at competitive energy density (7.3 W-h kg-1). In the case of carbon membranes, a record-setting power density (287.9 kW kg-1) at 14.5 W-h kg-1 is reported. Results suggest distinct advantages of such pore architectures for energy storage and conversion applications and provide an advanced avenue for addressing the trade-off between high-surface-area and high-flux requirements.Metal-free carbon-based catalysts have gained much attention during the last 15 years as an alternative toward the replacement of platinum-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, carbon-based catalysts only show promising catalytic activity in alkaline solution. Concurrently, the most optimized polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells use proton exchange membranes. This means that the cathode electrode is surrounded by a protonic environment in which carbon materials show poor performance, with differences above 0.5 V in EONSET for nondoped carbon materials. Therefore, the search for highly active carbon-based catalysts is only possible if we first understand the origin of the poor electrocatalytic activity of this kind of catalysts in acidic conditions. We address this matter through a combined experimental and modeling study, which yields fundamental principles on the origin of the pH effects in ORR for carbon-based materials. This is relevant for the design of pH-independent metal-free carbon-based catalysts.Self-organized functional soft materials, enabled by specific chemical architectures, are currently attracting tremendous attention because of their stimuli-responsive attributes and applications in advanced technological devices. A novel axially chiral molecular switch containing two azo linkages and six terminal alkyl chains on two elongated rod-shaped wings, that exhibits superior solubility, high helical twisting power, and reversible photoisomerization in an achiral liquid crystal host, is synthesized and utilized in the development of a photoresponsive, self-organized helical superstructure, that is, cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). The planar CLC adopts a standing helix (SH) configuration because of surface alignment layers on the substrates. This SH can be transitioned to a lying helix configuration, enabling tunable diffraction gratings under the application of electric field. Adjustment of the initial pitch of the planar CLC by photoirradiation yields the diffraction gratings with stripes either parallel or perpendicular to the rubbing direction upon the application of an appropriate electric field.