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The models were adjusted for covariates at child, parents, and household levels and accounted for geographic clustering. All measures of resources for care had positive associations with care behaviours; in a few instances, however, the associations between the resources for care and care behaviours were in the negative direction. Improving education, knowledge, nutritional status, mental well-being, autonomy, and social support among mothers would facilitate provision of optimal care for children. © 2020 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.We read with great interested the manuscript by Levitsky at al., titled "Living Donor Liver Transplantation when Deceased Donor is not Possible or Timely Case Examples and Ethical Perspectives"1 . We applaud the authors for bringing up this important and controversial topic. It is never easy to decline a patient of the lifesaving option of liver transplant. As medical professionals driven by our patients' best interests we should keep pushing boundaries to improve their outcomes. Copyright © 2020 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.Subgroup analyses are a routine part of clinical trials to investigate whether treatment effects are homogeneous across the study population. Graphical approaches play a key role in subgroup analyses to visualise effect sizes of subgroups, to aid the identification of groups that respond differentially, and to communicate the results to a wider audience. Many existing approaches do not capture the core information and are prone to lead to a misinterpretation of the subgroup effects. In this work, we critically appraise existing visualisation techniques, propose useful extensions to increase their utility and attempt to develop an effective visualisation approach. We focus on forest plots, UpSet plots, Galbraith plots, subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot, and contour plots, and comment on other approaches whose utility is more limited. We illustrate the methods using data from a prostate cancer study. © 2020 The Authors. Pharmaceutical Statistics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.PURPOSE To test in a 'real world' diabetic eye-screening programme, a computer-based personal risk evaluation for progression to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Screening intervals were individualized, and clinical outcomes, safety and cost-effectiveness documented. METHODS The RETINARISK algorithm was used in an ophthalmology clinic in Norway. The diabetes cohort was divided on voluntary basis into two groups one with variable screening intervals based on their personal risk profile and the other group with conventional fixed interval diabetic eye screening. Compliance, clinical outcomes, safety and health economics were evaluated. A total of 843 diabetic patients participated in the program 2014-2019. A total of 63 had type 1 and 780 type 2 diabetes. A total of 671 patients had no diabetic retinopathy at baseline and 171 had retinopathy. RESULTS A total of 444 (53%) diabetic patients were included in the personal risk profile program and 399 in the fixed interval group. The RETINARISK algorithm calculated 563 screening intervals for the variable interval group, which was 23 ± 16 months (mean ± SD), compared to 14 ± 5 months for the group with fixed screening intervals. Due to selection bias, the two groups could not be directly compared. selleck inhibitor We did not experience any delay in detecting diabetic retinal changes when using the personal risk profile program. CONCLUSION The RETINARISK algorithm was safe and effective in a diabetic screening program in an ophthalmology clinic over 5 years. The use of the program reduces the mean frequency of screening visits and liberates valuable time in ophthalmic practice to be used on high-risk diabetic patients or other patient groups. © 2020 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), is a pest of cotton. Currently, growers rely on neonicotinoid seed treatments to control F. fusca. However, the occurrence of neonicotinoid-resistant F. fusca populations has created new challenges for their management. Development of thrips-active Cry51Aa2.834_16 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin expressed in MON 88702 cotton will be an important new tactic for thrips management. Previous studies have shown that MON 88702 causes limited mortality of F. fusca adults and larvae but reduces infestations on seedling cotton by suppressing oviposition from colonizing adults. This suggests that the toxin affects host preference of adult F. fusca. Knowledge of the effect of this trait on F. fusca feeding behavior provides a more complete understanding of MON 88702 activity. Using electropenetrography, we compared the feeding behaviors of adult F. fusca females on MON 88702 cotton and a non-Bt isoline cotton over 2 h. The number of probes, proportion of probes resulting in ingestion, total duration of ingestion, and duration of ingestion per event were measured. RESULTS On MON 88702 seedlings, F. fusca probed and ingested fewer times than those on non-Bt cotton. Probes on MON 88702 were less likely to lead to ingestion than on non-Bt cotton. The total duration of ingestion and duration of ingestion per event did not differ between treatments. CONCLUSION The results show that MON 88702 has an antifeedant effect on F. fusca, which provides insight into behavioral responses driving MON 88702 aversion and anti-oviposition documented in previous studies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) can improve human performance, but misuse remains difficult to detect. C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 (cFGF23) was recently demonstrated to increase following injection of a single high dose rhEpo, but the effect of more frequent low doses is unknown. Using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, we investigated whether 2 weeks of subcutaneous injections three times a week of 50 IU/kg Eprex (low-dose) or 20 IU/kg Eprex (micro-dose) increase cFGF23 levels compared with saline (placebo) injections in 24 healthy males. Venous blood was sampled at day -3, 0, 1, 3, 11, 14, 18, and 25 of the treatment and analyzed for cFGF23 and erythropoietin concentration ([EPO]). The level of cFGF23 was similar at days -3, 0, 1, 3, 11, 14, 18, and 25 with the low-dose (23 ± 4, 26 ± 5, 23 ± 7, 27 ± 6, 25 ± 8, 24 ± 10, 22 ± 5, and 24 ± 7 RU/mL, respectively), micro-dose (23 ± 6, 25 ± 5, 23 ± 8, 28 ± 9, 27 ± 7, 25 ± 9, 25 ± 5, and 23 ± 6 RU/mL, respectively) and placebo (23 ± 6, 24 ± 6, 26 ± 7, 26 ± 6, 31 ± 6, 31 ± 7, 24 ± 4, and 27 ± 8 RU/mL, respectively) treatment.