Dowdlockhart2642
T2 benefited from hybrid and assistive modes due to impaired coordination. Healthy subjects performed isolated movements of shoulder and elbow with minimal trajectory and velocity errors.
This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of Armstrong for upper extremity movement assistance for individuals with TBI, with therapist supervision.
This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of Armstrong for upper extremity movement assistance for individuals with TBI, with therapist supervision.
A simple tool to estimate loading on the lower limb joints outside a laboratory may be useful for people who suffer from degenerative joint disease. Here, the accelerometers on board of wearables (smartwatch, smartphone) were used to estimate the load rate on the lower limbs and were compared to data from a treadmill force plate. The aim was to assess the validity of wearables to estimate load rate transmitted through the joints.
Twelve healthy participants (female
= 4, male
= 8; aged 26 ± 3 years; height 175 ± 15 cm; body mass 71 ± 9 kg) carried wearables, while performing locomotive activities on an anti-gravity treadmill with an integrated force plate. Acceleration data from the wearables and force plate data were used to estimate the load rate. The treadmill enabled 7680 data points to be obtained, allowing a good estimate of uncertainty to be examined. A linear regression model and cross-validation with 1000 bootstrap resamples were used to assess the validation.
Significant correlation was found between load rate from the force plate and wearables (smartphone
R
2
=
0.71
; smartwatch
R
2
=
0.67
).
Wearables' accelerometers can estimate load rate, and the good correlation with force plate data supports their use as a surrogate when assessing lower limb joint loading in field environments.
Wearables' accelerometers can estimate load rate, and the good correlation with force plate data supports their use as a surrogate when assessing lower limb joint loading in field environments.
Prior reports have suggested that pancreatic fat is related to type 2 diabetes. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are expected to reduce ectopic fat accumulation.
This study assessed the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on pancreatic and liver fat accumulations in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Retrospective analyses of indices of pancreatic and liver fat accumulations were conducted in 22 type 2 diabetes outpatients who were receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors for more than 12 weeks. The differences between the pancreatic (P) or liver (L) and splenic (S) computed tomography values were evaluated.
Fatty pancreas was defined as P-S<-8 Hounsfield Unit (HU), and the number of patients with fatty pancreas was 11 (50%). Fatty pancreas significantly improved after SGLT-2 inhibitor use (median, -20.8; IQR, -34.8 to -14.3 HU vs. median, -14.6; IQR, -29.5 to -7.8 HU;
=0.041). Fatty liver was defined as L-S≤3.9 HU, and the number of patients with fatty liver was 11 (50%). Fatty liver significantly improved after SGLT-2 inhibitor use (median, -4.3; IQR, -23.0 to 3.0 HU vs. median, -0.7; IQR, -5.2 to 6.3 HU;
=0.016).
Pancreatic fat and liver fat accumulations might be reduced after treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes patients with intense cumulative fat depositions in these organs.
Pancreatic fat and liver fat accumulations might be reduced after treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes patients with intense cumulative fat depositions in these organs.Obesity is considered as a risk factor for COVID-19 with insulin resistance and increased production of inflammatory cytokines as likely mechanisms. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and inhaled nitric oxide are proposed therapeutic approaches to treat COVID-19 because of their broad anti-inflammatory effects. One approach that might augment GLP-1 levels would be dietary supplementation with L-arginine. Beyond cytokines, multiple studies have started to investigate the relationship between new-onset diabetes and COVID-19. In a posthoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled human clinical trial of L-arginine supplementation in people with asthma and predominantly with obesity, the results showed that 12 weeks of continuous L-arginine supplementation significantly decreased the level of IL-21 (p = 0.02) and increased the level of insulin (p = 0.02). A high arginine level and arginine/ADMA ratio were significantly associated with lower CCL-20 and TNF-α levels. The study also showed that L-arginine supplementation reduces cytokine levels and improves insulin deficiency or resistance, both are two big risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Given its safety profile and ease of accessibility, L-arginine is an attractive potential therapeutic option that allows for a cost-effective way to improve outcomes in patients. An expedition of further investigation or clinical trials to test these hypotheses is needed.
Within behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs, using measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a more accurate-yet costlier-alternative to the standard method of assigning calorie prescriptions using baseline weight. This investigation aimed to assess differences between calorie goals prescribed using each method including demographic predictors and associations with weight loss.
This is an ancillary study to a trial comparing approaches to motivational enhancement in a 6-months BWL program designed for emerging adults age 18-25 (
=308). RMR was measured at baseline and used to derive calorie prescriptions; standard calorie goals were retrospectively assigned for the purpose of these analyses.
Standard calorie prescriptions were significantly higher than those derived from RMR. Sex and race were significant predictors of calorie prescription discrepancies using the standard method, women and Black participants were assigned higher calorie goals than their RMR would indicate. Calorie goal discrepancy did not predict 6-months weight change.
Differences in calorie prescriptions between approaches were significant; however, it remains to be determined whether measuring RMR is worth the cost, time, and participant burden. It may be the case that this consideration has greater impact for certain subgroups-namely, women and Black participants.
Differences in calorie prescriptions between approaches were significant; however, it remains to be determined whether measuring RMR is worth the cost, time, and participant burden. It may be the case that this consideration has greater impact for certain subgroups-namely, women and Black participants.
Parents are increasingly pursuing weight loss in medical weight management programs, yet little is known about the presenting behaviors and practices of children who have parents initiating these programs.
To describe congruence in weight control practices, sedentary and screen time behaviors, and family functioning and communication between parents initiating a medical weight management program and their children (ages 7-18).
Twenty-three dyads were enrolled and had measured height/weight and research packets completed including perceived weight status, weight control practices, sedentary and screen-time behaviors, and family functioning and communication. Paired
-tests and intraclass correlations assessed congruence; independent
-tests determined differences based on child demographics (age, sex, and weight status).
Parents underestimated children's use of weight control practices compared to child reports. Children with overweight, males, and older in age had increased weight control practices and sedentary and screen-time behaviors. Children who perceived themselves to have overweight reported more impaired family communication than children perceived to be a healthy weight.
This study highlights the discrepancy between dyads' reports of children's behaviors, and identifies that specific child populations with overweight, older in age, and males are at-risk of experiencing less healthy behaviors and impaired family communication. Future research should monitor changes over time in parental weight management programs to determine effects based on parental weight loss.
This study highlights the discrepancy between dyads' reports of children's behaviors, and identifies that specific child populations with overweight, older in age, and males are at-risk of experiencing less healthy behaviors and impaired family communication. Future research should monitor changes over time in parental weight management programs to determine effects based on parental weight loss.
Long-term effects of behavioral weight loss maintenance interventions need to be assessed in order to understand their durability of effects. This can be evaluated with the use of weights recorded in the electronic medical record. The goal of this study was to use electronic health record (EHR)-recorded weight to examine outcomes 2 years beyond the completion of a trial in which participants were randomized to receive a weight maintenance intervention or usual care after required initial weight loss.
Weights collected in the Veteran's Affairs national EHR were obtained for 2 years following trial completion. Outliers and implausible weights were identified and removed prior to analysis. RU.521 Mixed-effects models with quadratic time were fit to estimate between-arm differences in weight change.
Model-estimated weight at trial completion was 109.7kg for usual care and 106.8kg for intervention, estimated difference of -2.9kg (95% confidence interval [CI] -8.8, 3.0;
=0.34). Two years later, estimated mean weight collected from (
=211) participants with available EMR weights was 111.5kg for usual care and 108.0kg for intervention, estimated difference -3.4kg (95% CI -9.3, 2.4kg;
=0.35).
While not statistically significant, weights from the EHR suggest the possibility of a clinically meaningful difference that should be confirmed by future adequately powered studies.
While not statistically significant, weights from the EHR suggest the possibility of a clinically meaningful difference that should be confirmed by future adequately powered studies.
Many countries have implemented various levels of lockdown to mitigate the spread of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In the United Kingdom, the national lockdown restrictions were implemented between 26 March 2020 and 4 July 2020. These restrictions required all restaurants to close except for takeaway and delivery services. Moreover, individuals were instructed to largely stay in their homes, unless they were identified as essential workers, and to only leave home once per day for exercise. These restrictions might have an impact on energy intake and expenditure, thereby affecting their body weight.
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the movement restrictions in the United Kingdom on food outlet usage and body mass index (BMI).
Food outlet usage surveys were filled out for 7 consecutive days before and during the lockdown. Changes in BMI and food outlet usage before and during the lockdown were measured. A total of 206 participants were included in this study.
The mean overall BMI prior to lockdown was 25.
