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Introduction The application of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to assess bone microarchitecture has grown rapidly since its introduction in 2005. As the use of HR-pQCT for clinical research continues to grow, there is an urgent need to form a consensus on imaging and analysis methodologies so that studies can be appropriately compared. In addition, with the recent introduction of the second-generation HrpQCT, which differs from the first-generation HR-pQCT in scan region, resolution, and morphological measurement techniques, there is a need for guidelines on appropriate reporting of results and considerations as the field adopts newer systems. Methods A joint working group between the International Osteoporosis Foundation, American Society of Bone and Mineral Research, and European Calcified Tissue Society convened in person and by teleconference over several years to produce the guidelines and recommendations presented in this document. Results An overview and discussion is provided for (1) standardized protocol for imaging distal radius and tibia sites using HR-pQCT, with the importance of quality control and operator training discussed; (2) standardized terminology and recommendations on reporting results; (3) factors influencing accuracy and precision error, with considerations for longitudinal and multi-center study designs; and finally (4) comparison between scanner generations and other high-resolution CT systems. Conclusion This article addresses the need for standardization of HR-pQCT imaging techniques and terminology, provides guidance on interpretation and reporting of results, and discusses unresolved issues in the field.Purpose To explore the value of tumor marker CA125 and CEA linked with conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features in differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors liver metastases (GISTLM) from colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Materials and methods From December 2005 to February 2019, eighty patients with pathologically proven GISTLM together with 80 CRCLM patients were retrospectively evaluated with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Clinical characteristics such as CA125 and CEA were documented to compare the difference between GISTLM and CRCLM. Univariate analysis was performed to determine significant features in ultrasound and then these features were entered into multivariate logistic regression model to determine diagnostic criteria. By analyzing the tumor marker and imaging features, diagnostic performance was evaluated via receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated for the diagnosis of GISTLM. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increased CA125 and normal CEA were the independent variables of GISTLM. On conventional US, the features of hypo- or mix-echogenicity and anechoic area were associated with GISTLM. On CEUS, capsule enhancement, starting time of washout > 40 s and proportion of non-enhancement area > 20% were the features indicating GISTLM. All of the p values were less then 0.05. E6446 chemical structure When linking tumor marker with imaging features, the diagnostic sensitivity improved from 36.3-57.5% to 70.0%, and the area under the ROC (AUROC) curve improved from 0.681-0.750 to 0.838, with a specificity of 97.5%. Conclusions Combining the imaging features of conventional US and CEUS with serum tumor markers provides a potentially effective diagnostic method in differentiation of GISTLM and CRCLM.Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of magnetic resonance enterography global score (MEGS) to diagnose the activity of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) and its correlation with endoscopic activity score. Materials and methods 70 pediatric CD patients (between the ages of 6 and 17) were enrolled who underwent ileocolonoscopy and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) within 7 days. The simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) and MEGS were acquired in the terminal ileum. Sensitivity and specificity of MEGS for detection disease activity against SES-CD was compared using the McNemar test. The correlation between MEGS and SES-CD was assessed by Spearman's rank estimation. The diagnostic accuracy of MEGS for active disease defined by SES-CD was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed. Results Fifty-two pediatric CD patients (median age, 12 years old; 28 girls, 24 boys) were included. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (23%) involvement and perianal lesions (42%) is high in pediatric Crohn's patients, and most of them suffer from internal hemorrhoids (86.5%). MEGS showed strong correlation to SES-CD (r = 0.70, P less then 0.001). With endoscopic as the standard of reference, the MEGS had a high accuracy for the detection of inflammation (area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89, sensitivity 0.95 and specificity 0.82) and for disease activity (AUC of 0.81, sensitivity 0.88 and specificity 0.75) in the terminal ileum. Conclusion Pediatric Crohn's disease is unique. Our study has shown a good correlation between MEGS and endoscopy activity score with equal diagnostic efficacy. MEGS is a promising method to assess disease activity and perhaps be a valuable tool in following therapeutic changes.Modification of the cancer-associated chromatin landscape in response to therapeutic DNA damage influences gene expression and contributes to cell fate. The central histone mark H2Bub1 results from addition of a single ubiquitin on lysine 120 of histone H2B and is an important regulator of gene expression. Following treatment with a platinum-based chemotherapeutic, there is a reduction in global levels of H2Bub1 accompanied by an increase in levels of the tumor suppressor p53. Although total H2Bub1 decreases following DNA damage, H2Bub1 is enriched downstream of transcription start sites of specific genes. Gene-specific H2Bub1 enrichment was observed at a defined group of genes that clustered into cancer-related pathways and correlated with increased gene expression. H2Bub1-enriched genes encompassed fifteen p53 target genes including PPM1D, BTG2, PLK2, MDM2, CDKN1A and BBC3, genes related to ERK/MAPK signalling, those participating in nucleotide excision repair including XPC, and genes involved in the immune response and platinum drug resistance including POLH.