Donnellymckee1683

38%). All drug residue levels were far below the regulated maximum residue limits. However, based on some veterinary drug residues detected in the sampling samples, there is a potential veterinary drug risk in liquid milk products in the Chinese market, which deserves the attention of governments and consumers.Aspergillus flavus may colonise hazelnuts and produce aflatoxins in field and during storage. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of drying temperature and exposure times on the viability and ability of A. flavus to produce aflatoxins during the drying process and storage. Hazelnuts were inoculated with A. flavus and dried at different temperatures to reach 6% moisture content and a w 0.71, a commercial requirement to avoid fungal development and aflatoxin contamination. Hazelnuts were dried at 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C and subsequently stored at 25 °C for 14 days. After drying at 30, 35 and 40 °C, an increased number of A. flavus was evident, with the highest concentration at 35 °C (6.1 ± 2.4 x10 6 A. flavus CFU/g). At these temperatures, aflatoxins were detected only at 30 °C and 35 °C. Aflatoxins, however, were higher after drying at 30 °C with a concentration of 1.93 ± 0.77 μg/g for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 0.11 ± 0.04 μg/g for aflatoxin B2 (AFB2). After 14 days of storage, the highest A. flavus concentration and the highest level of mycotoxins were detected in samples treated at 35 °C (8.2 ± 2.1 x10 7 A. flavus CFU/g, 9.30 ± 1.58 μg/g and 0.89 ± 0.08 μg/g for AFB1 and AFB2, respectively). In hazelnuts dried at 45 °C or 50 °C no aflatoxins were found both after drying and storage, and a reduction of A. flavus viable conidia was observed, suggesting that a shorter and warmer drying is essential to guarantee the nut safety. The lowest temperature that guarantees the lack of aflatoxins should be selected to maintain the organoleptic quality of hazelnuts. Therefore, 45°C should be the recommended drying temperature to limit A. flavus growth and aflatoxin contamination on hazelnuts.Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary but insufficient for progression of epithelial cells from dysplasia to carcinoma-in-situ to invasive cancer. The combination of mutant cellular and viral oncogenes that regulate progression of cervical cancer remains unclear. Using combinations of HPV16 E6/E7 (E+), mutant Kras (mKras) (K+) and/or loss of Pten (P-/-), we generated autochthonous models of cervical cancer without exogenous estrogen, carcinogen or promoters. Furthermore, intravaginal instillation of adenoCre virus enabled focal activation of the oncogenes/inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene. In P+/+ mice, E6/E7 alone (P+/+E+K-) failed to cause premalignant changes, while mKras alone (P+/+E-K+) caused persistent mucosal abnormalities in about one third of mice, but no cancers. To develop cancer, P+/+ mice needed both E6/E7 and mKras expression. Longitudinal endoscopies of P+/+E+K+ mice predicted carcinoma development by detection of mucosal lesions, found on an average of 23 weeks prior to death, unlike longitudinal quantitative PCRs of vaginal lavage samples from the same mice. Endoscopy revealed that individual mice differed widely in the time required for mucosal lesions to appear after adenoCre and in the time required for these lesions to progress to cancer. These cancers developed in the transition zone that extends, unlike in women, from the murine cervix to the distal vagina. The P-/-E+K+ genotype led to precipitous cancer development within a few weeks and E6/E7-independent cancer development occurred in the P-/-E-K+ genotype. In the P-/-E+K- genotype, mice only developed carcinoma-in-situ. Thus, distinct combinations of viral and cellular oncogenes are involved in distinct steps in cervical carcinogenesis. © The Author(s) 2020. Adagrasib Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.The ecology of Listeria monocytogenes has been previously investigated in various whole and minimally processed raw vegetables, but not in turnip. A 2018 national Canadian recall for packaged, fresh-cut turnips contaminated with L. monocytogenes raised concerns about turnips being able to support the replication of this microorganism. Thus, this study examined the replication potential of L. monocytogenes in fresh-cut turnip stored at 4°C and 10°C. The bacterial microbiota of each brand of purchased turnips was also determined to evaluate the diversity of bacteria that was present on the product. Turnips were mist-inoculated at an initial level of 3.0 log CFU/g using a five-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail and were then stored at either 4°C or 10°C for 10 days, with enumeration occurring at 0, 5 and 10 days. Results from this study indicate that there are similarities in bacterial microbiota between brands and lot codes of turnips. L. monocytogenes did grow on turnips stored at 10°C, with increases ranging from 0.87 to 1.84 log CFU/g over the 10-day storage period (P less then 0.05). In contrast, L. monocytogenes was able to survive but not grow on turnips stored at 4°C for 10 days. This study reinforces the importance of strict temperature control within processing, retail and household consumer settings. Avoiding temperature abuse conditions and storing packaged, fresh-cut turnips under refrigerator conditions (≤4°C) can serve as an important hurdle to prevent and/or limit the replication of L. monocytogenes on these products.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mineral elements have many essential and beneficial functions in plants. Phosphorus (P) deficiency can result in changes in the ionomes of plant organs. The aims of this study were to characterize the effects of P supply on the ionomes of shoots and roots, and to identify chromosomal quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for shoot and root ionomic traits, as well as those affecting the partitioning of mineral elements between shoot and root in Brassica napus grown with contrasting P supplies. METHODS Shoot and root concentrations of eleven mineral elements (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S and Zn) were investigated by ICP-OES in a Brassica napus double haploid population grown at an optimal (OP) and a low phosphorus supply (LP) in an agar system. Shoot, root and plant contents, and the partitioning of mineral elements between shoot and root were calculated. KEY RESULTS The tissue concentrations of B, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn were reduced by P starvation, while the concentration of Fe was increased by P starvation in the BnaTNDH population.