Deckermurray9286

For the first time, reference values can be derived for urinary NMMA for children and adolescents in Germany, facilitating a more substantiated exposure assessment. BACKGROUND The current study aimed to classify recent and lifetime suicide attempt history among youth presenting to medical settings using machine learning (ML) as applied to a behavioral health screen self-report survey. learn more METHODS In the current study, 13,325 (mean age = 17.06, SD = 2.61) pediatric primary care patients from rural, semi-urban, and urban areas of Pennsylvania and 12,001 (mean age = 15.79, SD = 1.40) pediatric patients from an urban children's hospital emergency department were included in the analyses. We used two methods of ML (decision trees, random forests) to (a) generate algorithms to classify suicide attempt history, and (b) validate generated algorithms within and across samples to assess model performance. We also employed ridge regression to evaluate performance of the ML approaches. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that ML approaches did not enhance our ability to classify lifetime or recent suicide attempt history among youth across medical care settings, suggesting that relationships may be mainly linear and non-interactive. In line with prior research, a history of suicide planning, active suicidal ideation, passive suicidal ideation, and nonsuicidal self-injury emerged as relatively important correlates of suicide attempt. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the current study prevents us from determining the extent to which the important variables identified confer risk for future suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS The present study underscores the importance of suicide risk screenings that focus on the assessment of active and passive suicidal ideation and suicide planning, in addition to nonsuicidal self-injury, across pediatric medical settings. V.BACKGROUND Suicide prevention is an emerging priority for public health systems. Here, we present the Catalonia Suicide Risk Code (CSRC), a secondary suicide prevention program that provides a systematic approach to follow-up care for patients at risk. We describe the care pathway of the CSRC and characteristics of the patients enrolled in the program. METHODS Observational study based on data extracted from the Catalan health care system between the years 2014 and 2019. The following patient-related data were obtained sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, characteristics of suicidal behaviour, and pathway of care. RESULTS A total of 12,596 individuals (64.1% women) were screened for suicide risk and 8,403 (66.7%) were subsequently enrolled in the CSRC. Adherence data show that most patients (81.9%) attended a face-to-face appointment and most (67.1%) were successfully contacted by telephone afterwards. Most face-to-face appointments were performed within 10 days of enrolment for adults and 72 h for minors. Psychiatric disorders were significant risk factors for both men and women. Females were significantly more likely to report stressful life events, while males were more likely to report social problems. Compared to men, women were more likely to use poisoning. LIMITATIONS Adherence to the CSRC care pathway might reflect obstacles to its implementation. Due to the observational study design, it is not possible to determine the effectiveness of the CSRC to reduce suicide re-attempts. CONCLUSIONS Although the CSRC successfully provided follow-up care for many individuals at high risk of suicide, greater adherence to the CSRC care pathway is needed. V.BACKGROUND Depressed patients present increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neuroinflammatory alterations. Here, we determined the neuroimmune effects of different classes of ADs by using the LPS inflammatory model of depression. METHODS Male rats received amitriptyline (AMI) a tricyclic, S-citalopram (ESC) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, tranylcypromine (TCP) a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, vortioxetine (VORT) a multimodal AD or saline for ten days. One-hour after the last AD administration, rats were exposed to LPS 0.83 mg/kg or saline and 24 h later were tested for depressive-like behavior. Plasma corticosterone, brain levels of nitrite, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, phospho-cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) and nuclear factor (NF)-kB p 65 were determined. RESULTS LPS induced despair-like, impaired motivation/self-care behavior and caused anhedonia. All ADs prevented LPS-induced despair-like behavior, but only VORT rescued impaired self-care behavior. All ADs prevented LPS-induced increase in brain pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] and T-helper 1 cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ]. VORT increased striatal and hypothalamic IL-4 levels. All ADs prevented LPS-induced neuroendocrine alterations represented by increased levels of hypothalamic nitrite and plasma corticosterone response. VORT and ESC prevented LPS-induced increase in NF-kBp65 hippocampal expression, while ESC, TCP and VORT, but not IMI, prevented the alterations in phospho-CREB expression. LIMITATIONS LPS model helps to understand depression in a subset of depressed patients with immune activation. The levels of neurotransmitters were not determined. CONCLUSION This study provides new evidence for the immunomodulatory effects of ADs, and shows a possible superior anti-inflammatory profile of TCP and VORT. V.BACKGROUND Serious mental illnesses may be characterized by accelerated biological aging, and over the last years the research on the topic has been stimulated by studies exploring the molecular underpinnings of senescence. METHODS In the present manuscript we propose that measuring frailty, a general product of organismal ageing, through the "Frailty Index" (FI), a recently-emerged macroscopic indicator of functional status and biological age, adds an important marker to the measurements currently implemented in the study of accelerated biological age in psychiatric illnesses. RESULTS The FI quantifies functional negative health attributes and measures their cumulative effect, thus providing a useful estimate of the individual's biological age and risk profile. Recent studies in older adults have observed significant associations between FI and molecular measures of aging. LIMITATIONS High FI values can be driven by causes different from aging per se, so FI may be a sensitive but not specific measure of biological aging.