Daviesfranks9540

We, hereby report a case of TFE3 positiveXp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma in a 52-year-old male which is unusual.Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a rare myofibroblastic primary tumor of bone that histologically and biologically mimics the extra-abdominal desmoid tumor of soft tissue. The surgical management of this tumor has been a matter of controversy and its recurrence has been a matter of clinical relevance. In this case report, we describe an unusual case of DF in a 15-year-old male patient who presented with a slow-growing mass in the right posterior mandibular region of 2 years duration. The presence of areas mimicking Giant cell angiofibroma (GCA) is the highlight of the case. The possibility of misdiagnoses is more in early lesions since the available literature shows that immunohistochemistry (IHC) is not of much benefit while differentiating DFs from other spindle cell lesions.Spindle Cell Haemangioma (SCH) is a benign vascular lesion, which commonly affects the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of distal extremities. The occurrence of SCH in the head and neck region and more so in the orbit is very few and rare. SCH should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in vascular tumors of the orbit. We are reporting a case of solitary SCH in the orbit which was mimicking orbital cavernous venous malformation (orbital venous haemangioma).Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a benign, reactive proliferation of endothelial cells within areas of thrombus. It most commonly occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, with less than 40 cases reported in intracranial location. Ours is the first case report from India of IPEH in the cavernous sinus. A 45-year-old male presented with headache and decreased visual acuity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined, homogeneously contrast-enhancing mass in the cavernous sinus. Postoperatively, examination of tissue showed organizing thrombus within the vessel wall along with delicate, acellular, pseudopapillary cores. The fibrin-rich connective tissue of these showed blue staining with Masson's trichrome stain. These were lined by a single layer of endothelial cells without evidence of atypia; no nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, atypical mitosis, or areas of necrosis were seen. Hence, it was diagnosed to be IPEH. Follow-up MRI revealed no residual disease and the patient is disease-free at 8 months. Recognition of this entity by pathologic examination is important to rule out angiosarcoma. Gross total resection is curative. Residual lesions have the potential for recurrence, requiring adjuvant therapy.Melanomas within the Central Nervous System (CNS) are most commonly metastatic lesions, with primary melanomas comprising only 0.05-0.07% of all brain tumors. We report three cases of primary CNS melanoma. The patients were young adults. There were two females and one male. On preoperative investigations, two cases were misdiagnosed to be angiomas on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The melanotic nature of the lesion was an intraoperative observation. Pathologic examination showed features of malignancy with invasion of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma. In two patients, presence of systemic lesions were ruled out after surgery by whole-body Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. These patients were subject to adjuvant radiotherapy, while one patient succumbed immediately post-surgery. Primary CNS melanomas are rare with no defined treatment protocols. Histopathology diagnosis is crucial to rule out pigmented mimics.

Condylomata acuminata, commonly known as genital wart is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The positivity of HPV6/11 in condylomata acuminata in western literature varies from 80-90% however, there is a paucity of Indian literature.

The aim of the present study was to determine the role of HPV 6 & 11 in Condylomata acuminata in Indian patients.

A total of 22 formalin fixed parafilm embedded (FFPE) tissue was collected from the cases of condylomata acuminata which was histologically diagnosed and was used to detect HPV 6 and 11 by PCR.

Of these 14/22 patients (63.6%) were positive for HPV 6 or 11; HPV 6 alone in eight (36.3%) and HPV 11 in six (27.2%).

The high HPV 6 and 11 PCR positivity suggests their definitive role in causation of condylomas cases. This important HPV infection is preventable by prophylactic vaccination.

The high HPV 6 and 11 PCR positivity suggests their definitive role in causation of condylomas cases. This important HPV infection is preventable by prophylactic vaccination.Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors (SLCT) are very rare neoplasms of the ovary (0.2%) and they belong to the group of sex cord-stromal tumors. Of these, 20% of the cases show heterologous elements. We report a case of a 22-year-old woman who presented with complaints of lower abdominal pain and secondary amenorrhea for 10 months. Physical examination revealed right lower abdominal tenderness and fullness. Imaging showed a right ovarian mass. She underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and omentectomy. Microscopic examination revealed a neoplasm with varied histomorphological patterns. The predominant pattern was an atypical proliferative mucinous tumor with foci of microinvasion. The other component was that of moderately differentiated Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor. Focal areas resembling carcinoid were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the Sertoli-Leydig Cells were positive for CD56, calretinin, inhibin, vimentin, and ER. The glandular component was positive for CK20, EMA, CEA, and CDX2. Synaptophysin and chromogranin were positive within nests resembling carcinoid. With the given histomorphological features and immunohistochemistry findings, a diagnosis of moderately differentiated Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor of the ovary with associated mucinous carcinoma and carcinoid was rendered. The presence of heterologous elements in SLCTs has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis.

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has forced university hospitals to forego traditional classes and embrace online teaching platforms as the sole modality of medical education. Herein, we describe our experience of shifting from the arena of a real to a virtual classroom during the lockdown phase. Materials and.

The institutional subscription of G-suite was used for creating a virtual Google classroom. Google Calendar, Google Meet, and Google Forms were used for notification of schedules, conducting theory and practical classes, and conducting assessments, respectively. Chroman 1 ic50 The learner-centric SNAPPS model was adapted for an interactive case-based learning (CBL) program using multimedia tools. Students' perspective on online education was assessed based on their responses to a validated questionnaire.

The conduction of online classes, particularly the live practical classes and the CBL program got the maximum affirmative (up to 85%) responses. Students of the same batch also performed better in a test following the online CBL (77.03% vs 73.3%, P = 0.03, paired t-test statistically significant) compared to a test before it. However, access to laptops and poor Internet connectivity were significant causes of concern for nearly 40% of students.

The use of virtual classroom has proved to be an efficient method for continuing teaching of Pathology to MBBS students in times of lockdown when face-to-face conventional teaching was not possible. The experience indicated that in the future a judicious mixture of traditional and online classes may be a more effective educational design for teaching Pathology to MBBS students.

The use of virtual classroom has proved to be an efficient method for continuing teaching of Pathology to MBBS students in times of lockdown when face-to-face conventional teaching was not possible. The experience indicated that in the future a judicious mixture of traditional and online classes may be a more effective educational design for teaching Pathology to MBBS students.

HPLC is one of the most important tools for accurate diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias. The advantage of the HPLC system is the excellent resolution, reproducibility &quantification of several normal and abnormal hemoglobin.

BIO RAD Variant II analyzer was used. Sickle cell syndromes including double heterozygous states accounted for 56.13% of total cases. HbSS, HbS/β

-th, HbS/β

-th β-thal trait comprises 29%, 6.5%, 5.1%& 10% of total cases respectively with mean MCV (fl) = 84, 68,71,64 respectively. The Mean HbA2 for β-thal trait, HbE trait &HbE-β thal showed 5.1 ± 1.1, 19 ± 9 & 24 ± 8 respectively. HbF is increased in 8.6% case (excluding SC syndromes & β-thal disorders), of these 5.5% were infants & 12 cases of Aplastic Anemias. Peak P2 >7% (2.4% cases) was seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus which on quantification showed HbA1C = 8 ± 2.1 mmol/L.

HPLC in correlation with CBC parameters & family studies can aid in the diagnosis of majority of Hemogl be aware of the limitations and problems associated with this method due to variant hemoglobin within the same retention windows. The present findings show HPLC as an excellent & powerful diagnostic tool for the direct identification of hemoglobin variants with a high degree of precision in the quantification of normal and abnormal hemoglobin fractions.

Blistering or vesiculobullous disorders in pediatric population are either immunobullous or mechanobullous. Spectrum was analyzed using demographic details, clinical features, histopathology, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and Immunofluorescence mapping (IFM).

This was a single institution based observational study in children below 18 years. The demographic details were collected using proforma containing particulars of the patient, history, complaints, and other parameters. Punch biopsy of the skin lesion was done. Biopsy samples were examined under light microscope followed by DIF using fluorescent conjugated polyclonal antibody against immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA, and complement C3. The salt-split technique was also used in particular cases. IFM was done using anticytokeratin (CK) 5 & 14, antilaminin 332, anticollagen VII, and anticollagen IV antibodies.

Out of total 50 cases, linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) was the commonest. The average concordance between clinical and final diagnosis . Thus, DIF is not a substitute for histopathology but complementary to it.

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) enzyme deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism affecting mainly the kidneys. It can present at any age with varying degrees of acute and chronic renal damage. Though xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors offer effective control over the disease process, delay in diagnosis and treatment often lead to compromised function of native and even graft kidneys.

We have done a retrospective search of records of renal biopsies reported at our center during the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 to identify biopsies with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal deposits. The demographic, clinical, and histopathological findings in these cases were studied and reviewed in the light of available literature.

Of 9059 renal biopsies received during the study period, 3 cases had the rare 2,8- dihydroxyadenine (DHA) crystals. All of them were diagnosed for the first time on allograft biopsies.

A high index of clinical suspicion together with the characteristic microscopic appearance of crystals on renal biopsy and urine microscopy can clinch the diagnosis of this rare disease.