Dalsgaardweaver2766

The past decades have seen a transformational shift in the understanding and treatment for neurological diseases affecting infants and children. These advances have been driven in part by the pediatric neurology physician-scientist workforce and its efforts. However, pediatric neurology research faces substantial challenges from internal and external forces including work-life balance demands, COVID-19 pandemic effects, and research funding. Understanding the impact of these challenges on the perceptions, planning, and careers of pediatric neurology physician-scientists is needed to guide the research mission.

Our objective was to survey the research challenges, goals, and priorities of pediatric neurologists. In 2020 we conducted a cross-sectional, 28-question survey emailed to 1,775 members of the Child Neurology Society.

One hundred fifty-one individuals responded to the survey. Most respondents were grant investigators (52%) and conducted clinical research (69%). Selleckchem BI-2852 Research areas included epilepsy (23aches to address challenges will benefit the research mission, maximize the current and future pool of researchers, and help improve the lives of children with neurological disorders.

Resistance mechanisms following 1st line therapy with osimertinib in EGFR + NSCLC have become focus of investigation. This retrospective study aims to deepen the understanding and clarify possible mechanisms of osimertinib 1st line resistance in comparison to the 2nd line by examining NGS results of 30 patients who developed resistance to osimertinib. Furthermore, we followed clinical outcomes of select patients who received combined therapy following EGFR resistance, a novel strategy not yet widely tested.

Liquid biopsy technique (Guardant360) was used to monitor tumor dynamics in patients who were treated with osimertinib as 1st-line therapy (Group A, N = 15) and patients who received osimertinib as 2nd-line therapy (Group B, N = 15).

At the time of progression under osimertinib all but one patient preserved the primary EGFR mutation. While the C797S mutation was relatively common in the 2nd-line osimertinib setting (5/15), it did not develop in group A patients. TP53 was the most common detected mutastigation.

Mechanisms of resistance to osimertinib as 1st-line therapy differ from those which develop in the 2nd-line setting and commonly include MET amplification. C797S is not a main resistance mechanism in the 1st-line setting, whereas it is more common in the 2nd-line setting. Combined therapy was effective and well tolerated, making it an acceptable choice in patients for whom there is a reasonable rationale for such treatment, however this approach deserves further investigation.

To investigate the phenomenon of pseudo-small cell transformation (SCT) by reviewing SCT cases from the past 2 years.

A total of 11 cases with reported SCT cases from 7282 lung cancer cases treated in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were identified between January 2017 and March 2018. All initial lung adenocarcinoma pathological slides of SCT patients were reviewed carefully by independent, blinded pathologists. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the expression of EGFR

, RB1 and TP53.

Surprisingly, 8 of 11 previously SCT samples actually contained variable, but discernible amounts of SCLC components, varying from less than 1%-5%. Dubious small-cell components were found in two other patients. Only one patient's sample had no SCLC component on previous adenocarcinoma sections and was therefore defined as a real SCT case. In the current study, we found that at least 72.7 % (8/11) of SCT cases were actually pseudo-SCT. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the EGFR

protein was only expressed in the adenocarcinoma component, but not in the SCLC component, indicating that they may not originate from identical cell clones. RB1 deletion and mutated TP53 overexpression were observed in either pseudo-SCT or real SCT.

Our findings indicated that most SCT may be pseudo-SCT in real world. Pseudo-SCT may lead to bias conclusion from previous researches about SCT. The real mechanism of SCT deserves further investigation.

Our findings indicated that most SCT may be pseudo-SCT in real world. Pseudo-SCT may lead to bias conclusion from previous researches about SCT. The real mechanism of SCT deserves further investigation.

Health literacy (HL) is an important component of national health policy. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of low HL (LHL) and determine its impact on outcomes after emergency general surgery (EGS).

We performed a (2016-2017) prospective cohort analysis of adult EGS patients. HL was assessed using the Short Assessment of HL score. LHL was defined as Short Assessment of HL score <14. Outcomes were the prevalence of LHL, compliance with medications, wound/drain care, 30-d complications, 30-d readmission, and time to resuming activities of daily living.

We enrolled 900 patients. The mean age was 43±11y. Overall, 22% of the patients had LHL. LHL patients were more likely to be Hispanics (59% versus 15%, P<0.01), uninsured (50% versus 20%, P<0.01), have lower socioeconomic status (80% versus 40%, P<0.02), and are less likely to have completed college (5% versus 60%, P<0.01) compared with HL patients. On regression analysis, LHL was associated with lower medication compliance (OR 0.81, [0.4-0.9], P=0.02), inadequate wound/drain care (OR 0.75, [0.5-0.8], P=0.01), 30-d complications (OR 1.95, [1.3-2.5], P<0.01), and 30-d readmission (OR 1.51, [1.2-2.6], P=0.02). The median time of resuming activities of daily living was longer in patients with LHL than HL patients (4d versus 7d, P<0.01).

One in five patients undergoing EGS has LHL. LHL is associated with decreased compliance with discharge instructions, medications, and wound/drain care. Health literacy must be taken into account when discussing the postoperative plan and better instruction is needed for patients with LHL.

Level III.

Prognostic.

Prognostic.

Hepatic fibrosis is wound-healing response that is the result of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and subsequent excess extracellular matrix deposition. link2 HSCs can be activated by a variety of inflammatory stimuli as well as through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. HJC0416 is a novel, orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of STAT3 that was developed by our team using a fragment-based drug design approach. Previously, our team has shown that HJC0416 has antifibrogenic effects in activated HSCs. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) plays an important role in the activation of HSCs. In the present study, we examined the role of NF-κB inhibition of HSC activation by HJC0416.

LX-2 (human) and HSC-T6 (rat) cell lines were used. link3 Expression levels of extracellular proteins, NF-κB and STAT3 expression and DNA binding, and inflammatory cytokine levels were determined using western blot, ELdouble effect, HJC0416 demonstrates promise for invivo experimentation as an antifibrosis treatment.

HJC0416, an inhibitor of STAT3, was found to have antifibrogenic properties in activated hepatic stellate cell lines. In addition, HJC0416 was found to inhibit the NF-κB pathway. Owing to this double effect, HJC0416 demonstrates promise for in vivo experimentation as an antifibrosis treatment.

It has been well established that ultrasound (US) is the initial screening tool for children with suspected acute appendicitis. However, computed tomography (CT) has become the standard screening modality for adults presenting with abdominal pain. A recent review of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data revealed US is being utilized as a screening modality in adults. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of US in evaluating adults with acute appendicitis.

The American College of Surgeons NSQIP and NSQIP Procedure Targeted Data Files were accessed and examined for all patients in 2016 and 2017 who received an US and underwent an appendectomy. The US results were then correlated to the pathology in order to determine the diagnostic performance. Additionally, we identified predictors for indeterminate and false negative US results.

Our study included 3607 appendectomy patients of which 1135 (30%) had an indeterminate US, 683 (18%) had an US not consistent with appendicitis, and 1789 (49%) had an US consistent with appendicitis. Sensitivity and Specificity were 74.3% and 53.0%, respectively. Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were 95.9% and 12.2%, respectively. On regression analysis, clinically relevant predictors for false negative and indeterminate studies included age, sex, and BMI.

Ultrasound is an effective initial imaging modality for acute appendicitis in the adult population. Females, age >30y, and elevated BMI were more likely to have indeterminate or false negative results. These patients may benefit from CT as their initial screening test.

30 y, and elevated BMI were more likely to have indeterminate or false negative results. These patients may benefit from CT as their initial screening test.This study investigated an Iron-carbon (Fe-C) micro-electrolysis method to enhance nitrogen removal of Sesuvium portulacastrum constructed wetlands (CWs) when treating mariculture effluents. The main objective was to investigate the effects of Fe-C on nitrogen purification performance and microbial characteristics of Sesuvium portulacastrum CWs. Results showed that the presence of Fe-C and Sesuvium portulacastrum could improve nitrogen removal efficiency by 20-30% and 15-30%, respectively. CWs with 33% v/v Fe-C addition performed well on nitrogen removal TAN, 41.49 ± 13.64%; NO2--N, 13.32%; NO3--N, 60.02 ± 6.17%; TIN, 63.40 ± 12.11%. Microbial analysis revealed that Fe-C altered the microbial communities, and improved the abundance of denitrification related genera. Based on microbial enzyme activities and genes abundance, the anammox and denitrification processes were promoted by Fe-C in CWs. These findings indicate that Sesuvium portulacastrum CWs with 33% v/v Fe-C represents an effective nitrogen removal for mariculture wastewater with insufficient carbon source.During the mining of rare earth mineral, the use of lanthanum-containing fertilizers, and the disposal of lanthanum-containing electronic products, the content of lanthanum (La(III)) in typical ammonia wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio is increasing day by day. Here, effects of La(III) on anammox process in performance, microbial community structure, metabolic function, and microbial co-occurrence network were investigated. The results shown that the nitrogen removal efficiency was declines briefly and then gradually recovers after low dosage (1-5 mg/L) La(III) treatment and the decrease to low level (24.25 ± 1.74%) under high La(III) dosage (10 mg/L). La(III) in the range of 1-5 mg/L significantly promoted the relative abundance of Anammoxoglobus (0.024% to 9.762%). The blocking of key metabolic pathways was confirmed to cause the breakdown of anammox by PICRUSt. Furthermore, network analysis revealed that lack of cooperation bacteria limits the activity of Anammoxoglobus.