Dalgaardjuarez3848

INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus infection in early childhood has been linked to longer-term respiratory morbidity; however, debate persists around its impact on asthma. The objective was to assess the association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and childhood asthma. METHODS Asthma hospital admissions and medication use through 18 years were compared in children with (cases) and without (controls) respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first 2 years of life. All children born in National Health Service Scotland between 1996 and 2011 were included. RESULTS Of 740 418 children (median follow-up 10.6 years), 15 795 (2.1%) had a respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization at ≤2 years (median age 143 days). Asthma hospitalizations were three-fold higher in cases than controls (8.4% vs 2.4%; relative risk 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-3.5; P  less then  .0001) and admission rates were four-fold higher (193.2 vs 46.0/1000). Cases had two-fold higher asthma medication usage (25.5% vs 14.7%; relative risk 1.7, 95% CI 1.7-1.8; P  less then  .0001) and a three-fold higher rate of having both an asthma admission and medication (4.8% vs 1.5%; relative risk 3.1, 95% CI 2.9-3.3; P  less then  .0001). Admission rates and medication use remained significantly (P  less then  .001) higher for cases than controls throughout childhood (admissions ≥2-fold higher; medication ≥1.5-fold higher). Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization was the most significant risk factor for asthma hospitalizations±medication use (odds ratio 1.9-2.8; P  less then  .001). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization was associated with significantly increased rates and severity of asthma throughout childhood, which has important implications for preventive strategies. © 2020 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To compare directional monopolar, bipolar, and directional bipolar thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) in tremor patients. METHODS Fourteen tremor patients (7 Essential Tremor and 7 Parkinson's Disease) implanted with directional DBS electrodes in the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) were enrolled. Side-effect thresholds of monopolar directional stimulation (DIRECT) were compared to circular DBS as well as, in a randomized design, to those of two different bipolar stimulation settings (BIPOLAR = circular anode; BI-DIRECT = directional anode). Tremor suppression (Tremor Rating Scale, TRS) right below the side-effect threshold was also assessed. RESULTS Directional DBS in the individually best direction showed higher side-effect thresholds than circular DBS (p = 0.0063). The thresholds were raised further using either one of the bipolar stimulation paradigms (BIPOLAR p = 0.0029, BI-DIRECT p = 0.0022). The side-effect thresholds did not differ between both bipolar settings, but side-effects were leomodulation Society.Fluorescent carbon dot has emerged as promising alternative of conventionally known quantum dot or molecular probe as potential intracellular imaging probe. In particular, in vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.AIM Early detection and removal of colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenomas (AAs) decreases the incidence of and mortality from the disease. We aimed to evaluate the potential of faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for detection and follow-up of colorectal adenoma using advanced electronic nose technology. Tolebrutinib METHOD This was a prospective multi-centre case-control cohort including two district hospitals and one tertiary referral hospital. Patients undergoing colonoscopy were instructed to collect a faecal sample prior to bowel cleansing and were included in the study when CRC, AAs, large adenomas (LAs; 0.5-1.0 cm), small adenomas (SAs; 0.1-0.5 cm) or no endoscopic abnormalities (controls) were observed. Patients undergoing polypectomy and controls were asked for a second sample after 3 months. Faecal VOCs were measured with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Random forest, support vector machine, Gaussian process and neural net classification were used to evaluate accuracy. RESULTS In total, 14 patients with CRC, 64 with AAs, 69 with LAs, 127 with SAs and 227 controls were included. A second sample was collected from 32 polypectomy patients and 32 controls. Faecal VOCs discriminated CRC and adenomas from control [AUC (95% CI) CRC vs control 0.96 (0.89-1); AA vs control 0.96 (0.93-1); LA vs control 0.96 (0.92-0.99); SA vs control 0.96 (0.94-0.99)]. There were no significant differences between CRC and adenoma groups. Patients with adenomas and controls were discriminated prior to polypectomy, whereas 3 months after polypectomy VOC profiles were similar [T0 adenoma vs control 0.98 (0.95-1); T1 adenoma vs control 0.55 (0.40-0.69)]. CONCLUSIONS Faecal VOC profiles may be useful for early detection of CRC and adenomas and the timing of polyp surveillance as polypectomy led to a normalization of the VOC profile. Colorectal Disease © 2020 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.OBJECTIVES Pediatric lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) and follicular bronchiolitis (FB) are poorly characterized lymphoproliferative disorders. We present and quantify demographics, radiological and histopathologic patterns, treatments and their responses, and outcomes in non-HIV-infected children with LIP and FB. METHODS This structured registry-based study included a retrospective chart review, blinded analysis of imaging studies and lung biopsies, genetic testing, and evaluation of treatments and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 13 patients (eight females) studied, eight had FB, four had combined LIP/FB, and one had isolated LIP; diagnoses were highly concordant between the pathologists. Most patients became symptomatic during the first 2 years of life, with a mean lag time to diagnosis of 4 years. The most common symptoms were coughing and respiratory infections (11 out of 13 each), dyspnea (10 out of 13), and wheezing (eight out of 13). Autoantibodies were found in eight out of 13 patients. In three patients, disease-causing mutations in the COPA gene were identified.