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However, most appointments for chronic pain treatment were either postponed or canceled, with no future session scheduled. Furthermore, a notable proportion of participants had concerns about or difficulty accessing prescription opioids due to COVID-19.

We may expect to see a long-term exacerbation of chronic pain and related interference in functioning and chronic pain management among individuals most impacted by the pandemic. These individuals may benefit from remotely delivered intervention to effectively mitigate COVID-19-related exacerbations in chronic pain and interruptions in face-to-face treatment.

We may expect to see a long-term exacerbation of chronic pain and related interference in functioning and chronic pain management among individuals most impacted by the pandemic. These individuals may benefit from remotely delivered intervention to effectively mitigate COVID-19-related exacerbations in chronic pain and interruptions in face-to-face treatment.

Here we review the status of latent tuberculosis (LTB) in Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs).

A literature search was conducted using keywords according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses instructions. Cross-sectional studies published from 1 January 2000 through 1 January 2019 were retrieved. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software using the random effects model, Cochran's Q and I2 tests. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test.

Among 774 articles retrieved in the primary literature search, 21 studies met the eligibility criteria. No publication bias was observed among the included studies (p=0.07). The prevalence of LTB ranged from 7% to 63% in Iranian HCWs from different geographical areas. The overall combined prevalence of LTB among Iranian HCWs was 30.9% (95% confidence interval 24.2 to 38.5). Also, 52.4% of the included studies showed a significant correlation between occupation and LTB incidence (p<0.05).

The prevalence of LTB was high among Iranian HCWs. This requires developing comprehensive information databases and surveillance systems for detecting LTB among HCWs. It is also essential to periodically screen for LTB in HCWs to provide a timely diagnosis of the infection. It is recommended to perform a tuberculin skin test, a useful tool for screening and treatment of LTB, on an annual basis in HCWs.

The prevalence of LTB was high among Iranian HCWs. This requires developing comprehensive information databases and surveillance systems for detecting LTB among HCWs. It is also essential to periodically screen for LTB in HCWs to provide a timely diagnosis of the infection. It is recommended to perform a tuberculin skin test, a useful tool for screening and treatment of LTB, on an annual basis in HCWs.

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been shown to increase muscle mass or prevent muscle loss during weight loss.

We aimed to investigate the effects of a BCAA-supplemented hypocaloric diet on lean mass preservation and insulin sensitivity.

A total of 132 Chinese adults (63 men and 69 women aged 21-45 y, BMI 25-36kg/m2) were block randomly assigned by gender and BMI into 3 hypocaloric diet (deficit of 500kcal/d) groups standard-protein (14%) with placebo (control, CT) or BCAA supplements at 0.1g·kg-1 body weight·d-1 (BCAA) or high-protein (27%) with placebo (HP). The subjects underwent 16 wk of dietary intervention with provision of meals and supplements, followed by 8 wk of weight maintenance with provision of supplements only. One-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to analyze the primary (lean mass and insulin sensitivity) and secondary outcomes (anthropometric and metabolic parameters) among the 3 groups. Paired t-test was used to analyze the change in each group.

The 3 groups demonsht and obese adults during weight loss. A higher protein diet may be more advantageous for lean mass preservation.

We set out to characterise patient factors that predict disease activity during the first year of treatment for early inflammatory arthritis (EIA).

We used an observational cohort study design, extracting data from a national clinical audit. All NHS organisations providing secondary rheumatology care in England and Wales were eligible to take part, with recruitment from 215/218 (99%) clinical commissioning groups (CCGs)/Health Boards. Participants were greater than 16 years old and newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis pattern EIA between May 2018 and May 2019. Demographic details collected at baseline included age, gender, ethnicity, work status, and postcode, which was converted to an area level measure of socioeconomic position (SEP). Disease activity scores (DAS28) were collected at baseline, three and 12 months follow up.

A total of 7,455 participants were included in analyses. Significant levels of CCG/Health board variation could not be robustly identified from mixed effects modelling. Gender and SEP were predictors of low disease activity at baseline, three and 12 months follow up. Mapping of margins identified a gradient for SEP, whereby those with higher degrees of deprivation had higher disease activity. Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic patients had a lower odds of remission at three months follow up.

Patient factors (gender, SEP, ethnicity) predict disease activity. The rheumatology community should galvanise to improve access to services for all members of society. More data are required to characterise area level variation in disease activity.

Patient factors (gender, SEP, ethnicity) predict disease activity. The rheumatology community should galvanise to improve access to services for all members of society. More data are required to characterise area level variation in disease activity.

Infective endocarditis (IE) secondary to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) has high morbidity and mortality. The systematic use of echocardiography in SAB is controversial. We aimed to validate VIRSTA and PREDICT scores for predicting the risk of IE in Colombian patients with SAB and, consequently, to determine the need for echocardiography.

Cohort of patients hospitalized with SAB in two high complexity institutions in Medellin, Colombia, between 2012-2018. The diagnosis of IE was established based on the modified Duke criteria. PFI-3 solubility dmso The VIRSTA and PREDICT scores were calculated from the clinical records, and their operational performance was calculated.

The final analysis included 922 patients, 62 (6.7%) of whom were diagnosed with IE. The frequency of IE in patients with a negative VIRSTA scale was 0.44% (2/454). The frequency of IE in patients with a negative PREDICT scale on day 5 was 4.8% (30/622). The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the VIRSTA scale was 96.7% and 99.5%, respectively.