Coynemccabe1982
05). Meta-analysis limited to studies with the adjustment of smoking status also showed similar results (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.05, p = 0.21; I
= 0). No publication bias was detected based on the Egger regression test (p = 0.32).
Current evidence from cohort studies does not support that MetS is an independent risk factor for the incidence of lung cancer.
Current evidence from cohort studies does not support that MetS is an independent risk factor for the incidence of lung cancer.
Quinolone prophylaxis is recommended for patients with advanced cirrhosis at high risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) or with prior SBP. Yet, the impact of long-term antibiotic prophylaxis on the microbiome of these patients is poorly characterized.
Patients with liver cirrhosis receiving long-term quinolone prophylaxis to prevent SBP were prospectively included and sputum and stool samples were obtained at baseline, 1, 4 and 12weeks thereafter. Both bacterial DNA and RNA were assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing. Relative abundance, alpha and beta diversity were calculated and correlated with clinical outcome.
Overall, 35 stool and 19 sputum samples were obtained from 11 patients. Two patients died (day 9 and 12) all others were followed for 180days. Reduction of Shannon diversity and bacterial richness was insignificant after initiation of quinolone prophylaxis (p > 0.05). Gut microbiota were significantly different between patients (p < 0.001) but non-significantly altered between the ces in diversity of gut microbiota were high at baseline, yet quinolone prophylaxis had only a moderate impact. High relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae during follow-up might indicate failure of or non-adherence to quinolone prophylaxis. However, our results may not be clinically significant given the limitations of the study and therefore future studies are needed to further investigate this phenomenon.
Clinicians often utilize off-label dose escalation of ustekinumab (UST) in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with disease refractory to standard dosing. Previous studies report mixed results with dose escalation of UST.
A retrospective observational study of 143 adult patients with CD receiving UST over a 33-month time period was conducted. Patients receiving UST at standard dosage for a minimum of 16 weeks were included in the analysis. Primary outcomes collected were clinical response [Physician Global Assessment Score (PGA) by >1] and remission (PGA = 0). Changes in clinical parameters were calculated for dose-escalated patients beginning with the time of dose switch (~42 weeks) and compared with a group of patients who were classified as "failing" standard dosing at 42 weeks who were not dose escalated.
Dose escalation improved PGA by 0.47 ± 0.19 compared with patients remaining on every 8 weeks dosing (Q8 week), who worsened by 0.23 ± 0.23 (
< 0.05). Dose escalation decreased CRP 0.33 ± 0.19 mgpy.
Molasses is a wildly used feedstock for fermentation, but it also poses a severe wastewater-disposal problem worldwide. Recently, the wastewater from yeast molasses fermentation is being processed into fulvic acid (FA) powder as a fertilizer for crops, but it consequently induces a problem of soil acidification after being directly applied into soil. In this study, the low-cost FA powder was bioconverted into a value-added product of γ-PGA by a glutamate-independent producer of
GJ11.
FA power could partially substitute the high-cost substrates such as sodium glutamate and citrate sodium for producing γ-PGA. With FA powder in the fermentation medium, the amount of sodium glutamate and citrate sodium used for producing γ-PGA were both decreased around one-third. Moreover, FA powder could completely substitute Mg
, Mn
, Ca
, and Fe
in the fermentation medium for producing γ-PGA. In the optimized medium with FA powder, the γ-PGA was produced at 42.55g/L with a productivity of 1.15g/(L·h), while only 2er of yeast molasses fermentation.
Scoliosis is a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spine, which affects the patient's appearance and may lead to abnormal heart and lung function. The rib cage is a structure composed of ribs, sternum, and costal cartilage, which plays a vital role in stabilising the thoracolumbar spine. This study investigates the influence of the rib cage on the static characteristics of the scoliotic spine.
Two types of 3D finite element (FE) models with or without rib cage (from T1 to S) were established and analysed based on computed tomography (CT) images, to determine the effects of the rib cage on the static characteristics of the scoliotic spine. The FE software, ABAQUS, was used to analyse the static behaviours of scoliotic spine models under a range of loading conditions, including left side bending, right side bending, front tilt, rear supine, and vertical compression. GSK2578215A The changes in the von Mises stress (VMS) within the intervertebral discs of spine models with or without rib cage were studied and compareevention and treatment of the scoliotic spine.
Human rights watchdogs have described conditions in Nigerian correctional facilities and detention centers as damaging to the physical and mental health of inmates. While the prevalence of mental disorders is high, access to appropriate healthcare is grossly inadequate. Understanding the current state of prison inmates' mental health and well-being is an essential first step to addressing this important issue. This study aims to document the mental health and experiences of incarceration of inmates of the largest medium security prison in Nigeria's Benue State.
A cross-sectional survey and descriptive analysis was carried out with a random sample of 381 prison inmates of Benue State Makurdi Medium Security Prison. Survey tools included (1) a structured questionnaire on participants' experiences in prison, and (2) the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a screening tool for depression.
Most participants were young men (95.5%, mean age 27.95) and had completed secondary school (63.5%). While prison authorities had identified only 27 participants as having a mental disorder, 144 (37.
