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Patients on dialysis are highly prone to fracture, and radiographic absorptiometry can be used to measure their bone mineral density and assess fracture risk. However, to determine its place in management, radiographic absorptiometry should be compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and with fracture risk assessment tools such as FRAX, tests of muscle strength, biomarkers, and newer dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques. The convenience, accessibility, and cost of radiographic absorptiometry may contribute to its utility in a number of clinical settings.Defective recycling of megalin consequent to impaired phosphatidylinositol metabolism has been implicated as a mechanism causing tubular proteinuria in patients with Lowe syndrome. In this issue, Berquez et al. describe an innovative approach using a clinically approved drug to "rebalance" phosphatidylinositols and restore megalin traffic in mouse and cell models of the disease.Background In Australia, there are many culturally and linguistically diverse communities and Chinese migrants make up one of the largest. Yet, little is known about healthcare providers' (HCPs) unique experiences in providing contraceptive care for Chinese migrant women. There is minimal research into the HCPs' perceptions of challenges or opportunities in engaging Chinese migrant women in informed and shared decision-making processes during contraceptive counselling. The aim of this study is to explore HCPs' experiences of providing contraceptive care for Chinese migrant women, their perceptions of women's care needs when choosing contraceptive methods, as well as their own needs in supporting women's decision-making.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 HCPs in Sydney, Australia who had substantial experience in providing contraceptive services to Chinese women who were recent migrants. Transcribed audio-recorded data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Four main themes were identified, competency in assessing and communicating women's contraceptive needs; providing professional interpreting services and translated materials; and improving women's health literacy, including their contraceptive knowledge and health system awareness.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may affect sperm motility in patients with HBV. HBV surface protein (HBs) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, impairs motility and induces apoptotic-like changes in human spermatozoa. However, little is known about how human spermatozoa respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS; mainly peroxides) induced by HBs. In this study, HBs induced supraphysiological ROS levels in human spermatozoa and reduced the formation of 2-cell embryos (obtained from hamster oocytes and human spermatozoa). HBs induced a pre-apoptotic status in human spermatozoa, as well as antioxidant defences by increasing glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) levels. These results highlight the molecular mechanism responsible for the oxidative stress in human spermatozoa exposed to HBV and the antioxidant defence response involving GPX4 and PRDX5.The present study was designed to investigate the effect of diet-induced obesity on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in oocytes. Swiss albino mice (3 weeks old) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Oocytes were assessed for lipid droplet accumulation, oxidative stress, ER stress and their developmental potential invitro. High lipid accumulation (P less then 0.01) and elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species were observed in both germinal vesicle and MII oocytes of HFD-fed mice (P less then 0.05 and P less then 0.01 respectively compared with control). Further, expression of the ER stress markers X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) was significantly (P less then 0.001) higher in oocytes of the HFD than control group. Oocytes from HFD-fed mice exhibited poor fertilisation and blastocyst rates, a decrease in total cell number and high levels of DNA damage (P less then 0.01) compared with controls. In conclusion, diet-induced obesity resulted in elevated lipid levels and higher oxidative and ER stress in oocytes, which contributed to the compromised developmental potential of embryos.Wnt molecules play crucial roles in development and adult homeostasis through their receptors Frizzled proteins (Fzds). Baxdrostat cost Fzds mediate canonical -catenin pathway and various noncanonical -catenin-independent pathways. Aberrant Fzd signaling is involved in many diseases including cancer. Wnt/-catenin is a well-established oncogenic pathway involved in almost every aspect of tumor development. However, Fzd-mediated noncanonical Wnt pathways function as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors depending on cellular context. Fzd-targeted therapies have proven to be effective on cultured tumor cells, tumor cell xenografts, mouse tumor models, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Moreover, Fzd-targeted therapies synergize with chemotherapy in preclinical models. However, the occurrence of fragility fractures in patients treated with Fzd-targeted agents such as OMP-54F28 and OMP-18R5 limits the development of this combination. Along with new insights on signaling, roles, and modulation mechanisms of Fzds in human tumors, more Fzd-related therapeutic targets will be developed.

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) is still a largely unrecognized psychiatric condition despite its strong impact on individuals' well-being. Here, we describe the healthcare situation of individuals with incident aADHD over 4years before and 4years after initial administrative diagnosis.

A retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis was conducted using German claims data. The InGef database contained approximately 5 million member-records from over 60 nationwide statutory health insurances (SHI). Individuals were indexed upon initial diagnosis of aADHD.

Average age at diagnosis of aADHD was 35years, and 60% of individuals were male. Comorbidities, resource use, and healthcare costs were substantial before initial diagnosis and decreased within the 4years thereafter. Only 32% of individuals received initial ADHD medication and adherence was low. The majority received psychotherapy. Individuals with initial ADHD medication showed the highest share in comorbidities, physician visits, medication use for comorbidities, psychotherapy, and costs.