Conradprince7107
Biofilm plays an important role in fungal multidrug resistance (MDR). Our previous studies showed that BSC2 is involved in resistance to amphotericin B (AMB) through antioxidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the overexpression of BSC2 and IRC23 induced strong MDR in S. cerevisiae. BSC2-overexpression affected cellular flocculation, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and invasive growth. However, it failed to induce caspofungin (CAS) resistance and affect the invasive growth in FLO mutant strains (FLO11Δ, FLO1Δ, FLO8Δ and TUP1Δ). Furthermore, the overexpression of BSC2 compensated for chitin synthesis defects to maintain the cell wall integrity and significantly reduced the cell morphology abnormality induced by CAS. However, it could not repair the cell wall damage caused by CAS in the FLO mutant strains. Although BSC2 overexpression increased the level of mannose in the cell wall, DPM1 overexpression in both BY4741 and bsc2∆ could confer resistance to CAS and AMB. In addition, BSC2 overexpression significantly increased the mRNA expression of FLO11, FLO1, FLO8 and TUP1. BSC2 may function as a regulator of FLO genes and be involved in cell wall integrity in yeast. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BSC2 induces MDR in a FLO pathway-dependent manner via contributing to the formation of biofilms in S. cerevisiae. TAKE AWAYS Overexpression of BSC2 induced strong MDR in S. cerevisiae. BSC2 affected cellular flocculation, CSH, biofilm formation and invasive growth. BSC2 could not repair the cell wall damage caused by CAS in the FLO mutants. BSC2 may function as a regulator of FLO genes to maintain cell wall integrity. BSC2 promotes biofilm formation in a FLO pathway-dependent manner to induce MDR.
Florpyrauxifen-benzyl (FPB) is an arylpicolinate herbicide (Group IV) for barnyardgrass control in rice. One susceptible (Sus) and three putative FPB-resistant (R1, R2, and R3) barnyardgrass biotypes were selected based on resistant/susceptible (R/S) ratios obtained from dose-response tests and used to investigate the potential resistance mechanisms.
Based on visual control results, the R/S ratios of barnyardgrass biotypes R1, R2, and R3 were 60-, 33-, and 16-fold greater than the Sus standard, respectively. Sequencing results of TIR1 and AFB genes in the tested barnyardgrass revealed no difference between Sus and R barnyardgrass biotypes. Absorption of [
C]-FPB in Sus barnyardgrass increased over time and reached 90%, which was >10 percentage points greater than that in R biotypes. The [
C]-FPB absorption in all R barnyardgrass equilibrated after 48 h. For both Sus and R barnyardgrass, most [
C]-FPB absorbed was present in the treated leaf (79.8-88.8%), followed by untreated aboveground (9.5-18.6%) and belowground tissues (1.3-2.2%). No differences in translocation were observed. Differences between Sus and R barnyardgrass biotypes were found for FPB metabolism. Production of the active metabolite, florpyrauxifen-acid, was greater in Sus barnyardgrass (21.5-52.1%) than in R barnyardgrass (5.5-34.9%).
In conclusion, reductions in FPB absorption and florpyrauxifen-acid production may contribute to the inability to control barnyardgrass with FPB.
In conclusion, reductions in FPB absorption and florpyrauxifen-acid production may contribute to the inability to control barnyardgrass with FPB.
The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between radiological parameters measured using a plain X-ray and DXA scan score, and whether a plain X-ray can be used as surrogate imaging modality when DXA scan is not readily available.
We included all patients who had both a DXA scan and a pelvis X-ray done from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017. Bone mineral density had been measured by DXA scanning of the femoral neck and the spine. Osteoporosis was defined by T-score of any site less than -2.5. see more Cortical thickness indices on the AP radiograph were calculated.
Sixty patients were involved in the study and were divided into two groups. Group A had 22 patients who had a T-Score on their DXA Scans ≤-2.5 SD at the femur neck or the spine with median±SD (-2.5±0.8, -2.8±1.0), respectively. Group B had 38 patients who had a T-score on their DXA Scans of >-2.5 at the femur neck and the spine with median±SD (-1.2±0.9, -1.3±1.0), respectively, which was significantly higher than the T-score of osteoporotic (group A) patients (P=.000) at both sites of measurement. The cortical thickness index (CTI) was significantly higher (P=.027) in group B mean±SD (0.56±0.07), compared with (0.51±0.08) that in group A.
DXA imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and we advocate the use of CTI to detect the patients who need DXA screening in places where this modality is not readily available.
DXA imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and we advocate the use of CTI to detect the patients who need DXA screening in places where this modality is not readily available.
At least 40% of maternal deaths are attributable to failure to rescue (FTR) events. Nurses are positioned to prevent FTR events, but there is minimal understanding of systems-level factors affecting obstetric nurses when patients require rescue.
To identify the nurse-specific contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes underlying obstetric FTR and the interventions designed to prevent these events.
A realist review was conducted to meet the aims. This review included literature from 1999 to 2020 to understand the systems-level factors affecting obstetric nurses during FTR events using a human factors framework designed by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety.
Existing interventions addressed the prevention of maternal death through education of clinicians, improved protocols for care and maternal transfer, and an emphasis on communication and teamwork.
Few researchers addressed task overload or connected employee and organizational outcomes with patient outcomes, and the physical environment was minimally considered. Future research is needed to understand how systems-level factors affect nurses during FTR events.
Few researchers addressed task overload or connected employee and organizational outcomes with patient outcomes, and the physical environment was minimally considered. Future research is needed to understand how systems-level factors affect nurses during FTR events.
Little is known about how antecedent vascular risk factor (VRF) profiles impact late-life brain health.
We examined baseline VRFs, and cognitive testing and neuroimaging measures (β-amyloid [Aβ] PET, MRI) in a diverse longitudinal cohort (N=159; 50% African-American, 50% White) from Wake Forest's Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Core.
African-Americans exhibited greater baseline Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE), Framingham stroke risk profile (FSRP), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk estimate (ASCVD) scores than Whites. We observed no significant racial differences in Aβ positivity, cortical thickness, or white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. Higher baseline VRF scores were associated with lower cortical thickness and greater WMH volume, and FSRP and CAIDE were associated with Aβ. Aβ was cross-sectionally associated with cognition, and all imaging biomarkers were associated with greater 6-year cognitive decline.
Results suggest the convergence of multiple vascular and Alzheimer's processes underlying neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Results suggest the convergence of multiple vascular and Alzheimer's processes underlying neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Non-contrast computed tomography (ncCT) is the first-line imaging modality for acute ischaemic stroke diagnosis. Recognition of the early diagnostic signs of a stroke on computed tomography (CT) is crucial. The hyperdense middle cerebral artery (MCA) sign is one of these findings. We investigated the diagnostic utility of absolute MCA density (MCAD) in patients with acute MCA stroke confirmed with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dwMRI).
We retrospectively included all patients who presented to the Emergency Department with symptoms related to an acute stroke and confirmed with a dwMRI and ncCT to this diagnostic case-control study. link2 An expert radiologist with more than four years of experience in neuroradiology re-evaluated all ncCT images. The evaluation of MCAD and ratio were measured on axial images in Hounsfield units (HU).
We included 407 patients in our study (MCA infarction 55%, n=225; Control 45%, n=182). We calculated the threshold for the highest sensitivity (20%) and specificity (94%) as 49 HU with the Youden J index test for MCAD and as 1.1 for MCAD ratio (sensitivity 20% and specificity 95%). MCAD >49 HU or MCAD ratio >1.1 alone or joint use of MCAD >47 HU and MCAD ratio >1.1 are useful markers to confirm the diagnosis of MCA AIS with a specificity of at least 94%. Higher MCAD values are associated with larger infarction volumes.
MCAD and MCAD ratio can be used to identify patients who need early treatment, especially in situations where computed tomography angiogram or dwMRI are not readily available.
MCAD and MCAD ratio can be used to identify patients who need early treatment, especially in situations where computed tomography angiogram or dwMRI are not readily available.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving the patient medication reconciliation process.
This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at St. Jude hospital, California (CA), United States. An educational intervention was provided to the healthcare team working in the emergency department (ED) to explore its effectiveness in improving their patient medication reconciliation practices. A survey was administered to explore the healthcare staff's views on where responsibility lay in their team concerning the fulfilment of appropriate medication reconciliation procedures. Additionally, we identified the barriers facing the completion of appropriate medication reconciliation using open-ended question provided to healthcare staff at the hospital.
In the pre-intervention phase, the percentage of patients who received medication reconciliation was statistically significantly higher during the day shift (71.0% compared with 51.3%). In the postintervention phase, the percentage of patients who received medication reconciliation was statistically significantly higher during the night shift (96.7% compared with 75.8%). Overall, the percentage of patients who received medication reconciliation was statistically significantly higher in the postintervention group (81.3%) compared with the pre-intervention group (64.7%) (P<.001).
Educational intervention is an effective tool in improving medication reconciliation practices in inpatient settings. The process of medication reconciliation should be conducted based on shared responsibility between healthcare providers and aimed at reducing medication errors and improving patient safety.
Educational intervention is an effective tool in improving medication reconciliation practices in inpatient settings. link3 The process of medication reconciliation should be conducted based on shared responsibility between healthcare providers and aimed at reducing medication errors and improving patient safety.
