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Higher levels of IR have led to a significant reduction of image noise and therefore to a significant improvement of objective image quality (+ 70%). However, subjective image quality is inferior at higher levels of IR due to plasticized image appearance.

Objective image quality in PMCTA progressively improves with increasing level of IR with the best CNR at the highest IR level. However, subjective image quality is best at low to medium levels of IR. To obtain a "classic" image appearance with optimal image quality, PMCTAs should be reconstructed at medium levels of IR.

Objective image quality in PMCTA progressively improves with increasing level of IR with the best CNR at the highest IR level. However, subjective image quality is best at low to medium levels of IR. To obtain a "classic" image appearance with optimal image quality, PMCTAs should be reconstructed at medium levels of IR.A recent increase in the Calocoris trivialis populations associated with premature olive blossom dropping in Crete coupled with ineffective control by organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides resulted in resistance development speculation. A stem-dip assay was developed to evaluate C. trivialis susceptibility to dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin against nymphal and adult insect stages. Susceptibility of C. trivialis populations collected from two Cretan orchards with no (AGRK) and extensive spray history (SPL) to both insecticides was evaluated and compared. Dimethoate LC50 values of the AGRK population were 17.47 and 33.37 mg L-1 for adults and nymphs and 45.85 and 20.08 mg L-1 for SPL respectively. C. trivialis was significantly more susceptible to beta-cyfluthrin as indicated by LC50 values for AGRK, SPL adults (0.53, 0.73 mg L-1) and nypmphs (1.44, 2.21 mg L-1). No evidence for resistance development was found in any of the insecticide cases. Adult insects were significantly more sensitive than nymphs in both insecticide/population combinations. Ratios of nymph adult LC50values were 1.91, 2.71 for dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin in AGRK and 2.28, 3.02 in SPL population. Susceptibility data and evidence of differential stage-dependent response of C. trivialis to both insecticides should be taken account for the establishment of effective control strategies.

To present a safety-optimized ultrasound-guided minimal invasive carpal tunnel release (CTR) procedure.

104 patients (67 female, 37 male; mean age 60.6 ± 14.3years, 95% CI 57.9 to 63.4years) with clinical and electrophysiological verified typical carpal tunnel syndrome were referred for a high-resolution ultrasound of the median nerve and were then consecutively assigned for an ultrasound-guided CTR after exclusion of possible secondary causes of carpal tunnel syndrome such as tumors, tendovaginitis, ganglia and possible contraindications (e.g., crossing collateral vessels, nerve variations). Applying a newly adapted and optimized algorithm, basing on the work proposed by Petrover et al. CTR was performed using a button tip cannula which has several safety advantages On the one hand, the button tip cannula acts as a blunt and atraumatic guiding splint for the subsequent insertion of the hook-knife, and on the other hands, it serves as a "hydro-inflation"-tool, i.e., a fluid-based expansion of the working-space is warranted during the whole procedure whenever needed.

In all patients, successful releases were confirmed by the depiction of a completely transected transverse carpal ligament during and in the postoperative ultrasound-controls two weeks after intervention. All patients reported markedly reduction of symptoms promptly after this safety-optimized ultrasound-guided minimal invasive CTR and at the follow-up examination. No complications were evident.

The here proposed optimized algorithm assures a reliable and safe ultrasound-guided CTR and thus should be taken into account for this minimal invasive interventional procedure.

The here proposed optimized algorithm assures a reliable and safe ultrasound-guided CTR and thus should be taken into account for this minimal invasive interventional procedure.

To present the technique of combined temperature monitoring and hydrodissection of the anterior epidural space during thermal ablation in the thoracic spine.

Data from 8 patients were retrieved retrospectively with thoracic spinal metastases located near the posterior wall of the vertebral body. Thermal ablation was performed with temperature monitoring and hydrodissection of the anterior epidural space.

Technical success, defined as a fulfilled ablation protocol without changes of the temperature of the epidural space below 10°/above 45° that could not be controlled by active hydrodissection, was 100%. this website The mean time to deploy the thermosensor was 19.5 ± 4.8min (range 13-35). There was one post-operative transient intercostal neuralgia. No spinal cord or nerve root injuries arose. Two local recurrences occurred at a mean follow-up of 20 ± 9months.

Transosseous temperature monitoring of the anterior epidural space in the thoracic spine is a feasible technique and seems safe.

Transosseous temperature monitoring of the anterior epidural space in the thoracic spine is a feasible technique and seems safe.

For the safety and success of an ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy, needle visibility and needle tip identification are critical. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the influence of an innovative echogenic sheath placed over a standard biopsy needle on needle visibility in ultrasound imaging.

Ultrasound videos of three sheaths with different coating characteristics (echogenicity) and one conventional liver biopsy needle were recorded at two angles (30° and 60°) and two depths (5 and 10cm) in a human cadaver. The videos were blinded for needle type and presented to five independent radiologists who used Likert-scale scoring to rank each video for six characteristics on needle visibility. In addition, a phantom model was used to acquire standardized images for quantitative evaluation of the ultrasound visibility. Comparative statistical analysis consisted of a one-way ANOVA.

The three prototype sheaths were ranked higher than the control needle at 60° with 5cm depth, with an equal performance for the other conditions.