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Physical activity is well known to have enormous benefits for women in all phases of life, including pregnancy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of primary care physicians towards exercise during pregnancy in the eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia Qatif, Dammam, and Al-Khobar.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2019 among primary care physicians, based on a 32-item self-administered questionnaire distributed through e-mails and SMS messaging.

Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to compare groups.

The majority of participants (97.3%) believed that exercise during pregnancy is beneficial and showed fair knowledge; however, most of them (86.5%) were unaware of the guidelines and nearly half of them (55.2%) did not give advice on exercise to their patients.

Primary care physicians demonstrate fair knowledge and positive attitude towards exercise in pregnancy; however, their practice and recommendations did not align with the guidelines. Thus, we need to bridge this gap by providing well-structured evidence based continuous educational programs and activities to all physicians providing maternal care.

Primary care physicians demonstrate fair knowledge and positive attitude towards exercise in pregnancy; however, their practice and recommendations did not align with the guidelines. Thus, we need to bridge this gap by providing well-structured evidence based continuous educational programs and activities to all physicians providing maternal care.

Hypertension in pregnancy is a major challenge in antenatal practice due to its impact on obstetric and foetal outcomes.

To assess the prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy and its associated risk factors among pregnant women availing of antenatal care at public sector hospitals in Bengaluru, Southern India.

The sample frame included pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic at three public sector hospitals. The data were analyzed for 783 pregnant women who had completed their baseline visit over a period of 18 months (September 2017 to March 2019). The blood pressure was categorized based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 guidelines.

Out of the 783 respondents who were examined, 13.9% were found to be hypertensive. The adjusted Odd's ratio was significantly higher for those who were employed outside the house and obese respondents. Other factors such as higher maternal age, lower socioeconomic status, pregnancy-related anxiety, prenatal depression, nulliparity appeared to increase the risk.

Hypertension during pregnancy continues to be a matter of concern. Risk factor profiling of pregnant women is of utmost importance to identify those who may be likely to develop hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

Hypertension during pregnancy continues to be a matter of concern. click here Risk factor profiling of pregnant women is of utmost importance to identify those who may be likely to develop hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is characterized by multiple changes in the coagulation system which occurs at different stages of the condition, representing one of the major triggers of maternal and foetal morbidity/mortality in the world during complicated incidences. This study determined the prevalence of coagulation disorders among pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria to buttress the need for prompt and accurate routine diagnosis of these disorders.

Four hundred and five participants (405) attending some selected tertiary health facilities in Southwestern Nigeria were randomly recruited for the study, comprising two hundred and seventy (270) pregnant subjects and one hundred and thirty-five (135) apparently healthy age- and socio-economic status-matched non-pregnant women as controls. The platelet count was assessed; prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were assessed. link2 Immunoturbidimetric and chromogenic techniques were also used to assess the level of D-dimer and activated protein C resistance.

Pla will immensely contribute to early diagnosis along with intervention for pregnancy associated coagulopathies in resource-limited settings.

The study affirms the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy coupled with mild gestational thrombocytopenia which could be pointers to onset of coagulation disorders in some participants, subjects with coagulation profiles indicative of thrombotic tendencies and possible onset of consumption coagulopathy and the presence of activated protein C resistant in the region. link3 A review of the coagulation monitoring strategies for pregnant women from primary care to include more definite assays and its proper implementation will immensely contribute to early diagnosis along with intervention for pregnancy associated coagulopathies in resource-limited settings.

Global scenario of antimicrobial (AM) utilization depicts 20-50% inappropriateness. Majority of the hospital admissions are due to unwanted effects because of non-judicial usage of these drugs. The present study focuses on utilization pattern of antimicrobials (AMs) in a tertiary care hospital in northern India.

A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year in seven departments of a tertiary care hospital in hilly Himalayan region. Aim of the study was to analyze the AM utilization pattern using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators and instruments.

A total 700 prescriptions were analyzed in the present study. Injectable antibiotics (71%) followed by oral (29%) were most commonly prescribed. Beta lactams (79%) were the most frequently used antibiotic class. Most commonly prescribed AM was Ceftriaxone (30%). Majority of the time AMs were given empirically (44.8%), where most common indication was respiratory infections (42%). Culture and sensitivity tests were done for gu India. Our study found an urgent need for improvement of prescribing patterns, patient care indicators and strict adherence to standard guidelines.

Peripheral neuropathy is a common microvascular complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a prevalence of around 50%.

This prospective observational cross-sectional study was done to assess serum calprotectin levels among diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy as compared to those without neuropathy.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 126 diabetic patients attending the out-patient department of JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry from July 2017 to January 2019. The subjects were divided into two groups (with and without peripheral neuropathy) and underwent nerve conduction study of both the lower limbs. Blood samples were collected and stored at -80°C for estimation of serum calprotectin. Serum calprotectin levels were compared between diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy.

Serum calprotectin levels were increased in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as compared to those without DPN. However, there was no significant difference in the mean value of serum calprotectin among the various sub-groups of DPN.

Serum calprotectin, an inflammatory biomarker is elevated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy as compared to those without neuropathy.

Serum calprotectin, an inflammatory biomarker is elevated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy as compared to those without neuropathy.

Retention in HIV care is the constancy of engagement in HIV treatment, care and support services which is essential to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the infection as well as halting the development of resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART). In most African countries, Nigeria inclusive, men who have sex with men (MSM) are major contributors to HIV/AIDS burden. HIV-positive MSM are generally understudied and mostly underserved due to social, political and legislation factors resulting in limited characterization and documentation of the existing health disparities particularly with regards to retention in HIV care. It was against this backdrop that we conducted this study to assess the level of retention in HIV care and its predictors among MSM linked to HIV care.

A cross-sectional study conducted among 114 HIV-positive MSM in 2019 using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using version 7 of Epi Info statistical software version 7 and a probability value of less than 0.05 used as the cut-off for drawing statistically significant conclusion.

The average age in years of the respondents was 26.0 ± 5.4 while 43 (37.7%) of the participants were adequately retained in HIV care. Adequate retention in HIV care was found to be predicted by awareness of regular male partner's HIV status (AOR = 11.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.924-65.167) and financial difficulty (AOR = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.022-0.840).

A suboptimal level of retention in HIV care was demonstrated in the study with awareness of male partner's HIV status and financial buoyancy as its main predictors.

A suboptimal level of retention in HIV care was demonstrated in the study with awareness of male partner's HIV status and financial buoyancy as its main predictors.

To assess of the time of breastfeeding initiation, identify reasons for delay, if any and to assess if any prelacteal feeds were offered.

An observational study was conducted among the inpatients of a tertiary care centre in Bhubaneswar, India. A total of 385 mothers, without contraindications to breastfeeding were interviewed at the earliest after childbirth.

Only 36.4% mothers initiated breastfeeding "timely." Those who had undergone vaginal delivery scored better than cesarean sections with 41.3% (CI 95%;

= 0.016). Rooming in helped at 37.6% (CI 95%;

= 0.006). Multiparous homemakers from nuclear families and those who had previously breast fed initiated earlier than their counterparts. Less than 5% (CI 95%;

= 0.056) offered prelacteal feeds, mostly water.

Our study reveals an alarming decline in the timely initiation of breastfeeding in Odisha, India from 68.5% to 41.6%.

Our study reveals an alarming decline in the timely initiation of breastfeeding in Odisha, India from 68.5% to 41.6%.

Outbreaks are emergencies, requiring skilled peripheral health workers in the health system. Given the lack of evaluation of the knowledge and practices of peripheral health workers regarding outbreak investigation and response, we surveyed to estimate the performance level of health workers in outbreak detection and response.

We developed a simulation exercise based on hepatitis and fever outbreak to ascertain knowledge and skills in outbreak detection and response. Following a pilot test and with inputs from public health experts, we finalized the instrument in the local language. The simulation exercise was self-administered among all health inspectors (HI) (n = 39) from a district in South India responsible for outbreak investigation. We collected sociodemographic factors, training, education level, awareness about the surveillance program, outbreak triggers, and prior experience with an outbreak. We assigned a score of 0.25 for each correct response (range 0 to 10.75). We categorized a score of <75% as poor performance.