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9% of weight variation, 8.8% of analytical changes, to 5.3% of malnutrition symptoms. Patients were mainly referred by Primary Care (42.7%). Overall, the mean of the Duration of Untreated Illness was of 7.45 months.

The majority of reasons for consultation were related to symptoms that could be prodromal symptoms, but the patients were not diagnosed with an eating disorder. These findings highlight the importance of professionals understanding how to identify the warning signs of an eating disorder, so they can refer patients to a specialized unit to establish an early treatment.

The majority of reasons for consultation were related to symptoms that could be prodromal symptoms, but the patients were not diagnosed with an eating disorder. These findings highlight the importance of professionals understanding how to identify the warning signs of an eating disorder, so they can refer patients to a specialized unit to establish an early treatment.

Early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (EOCD) is a comparatively severe subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of OCD, but all previous studies have focused on late-onset OCD (LOCD).

The current study compared olfactory identification ability in EOCD patients and age-matched and sex-matched LOCD patients and healthy controls. Thirty patients with EOCD, 30 patients with LOCD and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. read more Olfactory function was measured using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. The Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction components of the Revised Wechsler Memory Scale were used to evaluate verbal and visual memory.

There were significant differences in olfactory identification ability between the three groups. EOCD patients were comparable to LOCD patients, while both patients' group showing worse olfactory identification ability than controls. Olfactory identification ability was not significantly correlated with verbal and visual memory or clinical symptoms in the EOCD group or the LOCD group.

The results of the present study suggest that olfactory identification ability may be a relatively stable indicator of OCD, independent of age, duration of illness, verbal and visual memory, and severity of clinical symptoms.

The results of the present study suggest that olfactory identification ability may be a relatively stable indicator of OCD, independent of age, duration of illness, verbal and visual memory, and severity of clinical symptoms.Neuroaxial procedures are among the most effective ways of relieving pain during childbirth. Especially in the late phase of vaginal delivery, surprising moments, instrumental methods or special maneuvers require quick and sufficient analgesia. This refers to situations with a sudden, often unexpected and particularly pronounced intensity of pain. Here the advantages of spinal analgesia over the gold standard of obstetric analgesia, catheter epidural analgesia, can be used. Spinal analgesia is characterized by a fast onset of pain relief, a profound blockage and simple technical feasibility and, like other neuroaxial procedures, is comparatively uncomplicated in pregnant women. However, it is only effective if the delivery situation is well assessed. There is no possibility of repetition without re-puncture, so that limited duration of action is a significant disadvantage. Applied drugs correspond to those described for combined spinal and epidural analgesia, such as a mixture of low-dose bupivacaine and sufentanil, and can be adapted to local conditions. In the future, longer acting substances could overcome the main limitation (temporary effect) of spinal analgesia and suitable adjuvants could further increase the attractiveness of the procedure.The guideline "Sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy" (AWMF-register-no. 021/014) was published initially in 2008. Because of new and developing evidence, the guideline was updated in 2015. The aim of the guideline is to define the necessary structural, equipment and personnel requirements that contribute to minimizing the risk of sedation for endoscopy. In view of the high and increasing significance of gastrointestinal endoscopy, the guideline will remain highly relevant in the future. Essential aspects are the selection of sedatives/hypnotics, structural requirements, personnel requirements with regard to number, availability and training, management of complications and quality assurance. In this article, the development and evaluation of the evidence and its influence on the practical implementation, in particular for anaesthesia, are highlighted.The early postoperative period is of increasing importance in modern operative medicine with a continuously increasing surgical spectrum and patients with increasingly complex comorbidities. Even with optimal preoperative evaluation and intraoperative care, postoperative complications are not uncommon. The fastest possible diagnosis, including possible differential diagnoses and any combined disorders, is essential in order to initiate the indicated therapeutic measures. The spatial correlate of the postoperative phase is the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). The qualification of the medical staff and spatial structure must meet the recommended minimum and must be in line with the existing operational structures. Good interdisciplinary and interprofessional communication reduces the loss of information and a good error reporting culture helps to reduce critical incidents.Patients who undergo high-risk surgical procedures represent a large proportion of admissions to intensive care units. Postoperative outcomes are a result of the complex interplay between the exact surgical procedure performed, the previous health of the patient, and specific intra- and postoperative events. Appropriate triage of patients to intensive care postoperatively may have a relevant impact on patient outcomes after high-risk surgery. It remains challenging to accurately identify patients who are at high risk of complications or death and target the patients who will benefit most from this highest level of postoperative care. "Failure to rescue" as an expression for the proportion of deaths in patients who developed a postoperative complication out of the total number of patients who developed a postoperative complication adds to the mortality of surgical patients. General wards may not properly recognize and manage postoperative complications when they occur which emphasises the necessity for adequate triage of intensive care capacity.