Camposwaller0835

To validate the Clouclip, a continuously measuring objective rangefinder, and examine viewing behaviours during various near tasks in non-myopic and myopic adults.

In experiment 1, five Clouclip devices were utilised. An infrared camera was used to visualise and measure infrared beam size and angle. Repeatability for distance tracking was assessed from 5 to 120cm in 5cm increments. Accuracy of distance tracking was investigated for paper and iPad targets, spatial integration was calculated, effects of target tilt were determined and light measurements were compared to a lux meter. In experiment 2, viewing behaviour was assessed in 41 subjects (21 non-myopic, 20 myopic) during four 15-min near tasks; (1) passive reading of printed material, (2) active writing on printed material, (3) passive viewing on an electronic device and (4) active engagement on an electronic device. Working distance was compared between tasks and refractive error groups.

Clouclip distance tracking showed good repeatability, with arespectively), with no differences between refractive error groups (p=0.88).

The Clouclip performed well in measuring near and intermediate distances and could distinguish between indoor (<1000 lux) and outdoor (>1000 lux) illumination. A closer working distance was observed for printed tasks compared to those on an iPad, with no difference in viewing distance between non-myopic and myopic adults.

1000 lux) illumination. A closer working distance was observed for printed tasks compared to those on an iPad, with no difference in viewing distance between non-myopic and myopic adults.Nanoparticle-based magnetic hyperthermia is a well-known thermal therapy platform studied to treat solid tumors, but its use for monotherapy is limited due to incomplete tumor eradication at hyperthermia temperature (45 °C). It is often combined with chemotherapy for obtaining a more effective therapeutic outcome. Cubic-shaped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (Co-Fe NCs) serve as magnetic hyperthermia agents and as a cytotoxic agent due to the known cobalt ion toxicity, allowing the achievement of both heat and cytotoxic effects from a single platform. In addition to this advantage, Co-Fe NCs have the unique ability to form growing chains under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This unique chain formation, along with the mild hyperthermia and intrinsic cobalt toxicity, leads to complete tumor regression and improved overall survival in an in vivo murine xenograft model, all under clinically approved AMF conditions. Numerical calculations identify magnetic anisotropy as the main Co-Fe NCs' feature to generate such chain formations. This novel combination therapy can improve the effects of magnetic hyperthermia, inaugurating investigation of mechanical behaviors of nanoparticles under AMF, as a new avenue for cancer therapy.

Plasma-assisted ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry; in this study, a low-pressure glow discharge is introduced as a new method to improve the detection of large proteins, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used as a protein model. The treatment of analyte, matrix, and the matrix/analyte mixture is evaluated under optimal conditions.

Low-pressure radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (RF-CCP) treatment is utilized in the sample preparation step of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to enhance the protein MALDI ion signal. Plasma treatment can be an effective tool for enhancing the non-covalent binding of the analyte with the matrix, incorporation of the analyte into the matrix, production of matrix/analyte crystals, and analyte protonation through plasma activation, resulting in an improved MALDI ion signal.

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy allows us to distinguish between the functional groups of plasma-treated and control samples. In addition, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) determines the plasma species, and zeta potential analysis characterizes the potential difference between plasma-treated and control samples before MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Plasma-treated BSA can provide a five-times enhancement of ion intensity. The combination of the plasma-treated analyte with the plasma-treated matrix leads to an increase in the ion intensity by a factor of 14.

Low-pressure glow discharge plasma treatment greatly enhances MALDI ion signals, with a noticeable increase in incorporation, co-crystallization, protonation, and the concentration of the sample functional groups.

Low-pressure glow discharge plasma treatment greatly enhances MALDI ion signals, with a noticeable increase in incorporation, co-crystallization, protonation, and the concentration of the sample functional groups.Fishes stocked for recreation and angling can damage freshwater habitats and negatively impact biodiversity. The pond-associated crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is rare across Europe and is stocked for conservation management in England, but its impacts on pond biota are understudied. Freshwater invertebrates contribute substantially to aquatic biodiversity, encompassing many rare and endemic species, but their small size and high abundance complicate their assessment. Practitioners have employed sweep-netting and kick-sampling with microscopy (morphotaxonomy), but specimen size/quality and experience can bias identification. DNA and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding offer alternative means of invertebrate assessment. We compared invertebrate diversity in ponds (N = 18) with and without crucian carp using morphotaxonomic identification, DNA metabarcoding and eDNA metabarcoding. Five 2 L water samples and 3 min sweep-net samples were collected at each pond. Inventories produced by morphotaxonomic identification of netted samples, DNA metabarcoding of bulk tissue samples and eDNA metabarcoding of water samples were compared. Alpha diversity was greatest with DNA or eDNA metabarcoding, depending on whether standard or unbiased methods were considered. ACBI1 DNA metabarcoding reflected morphotaxonomic identification, whereas eDNA metabarcoding produced markedly different communities. These complementary tools should be combined for comprehensive invertebrate assessment. Crucian carp presence minimally reduced alpha diversity in ponds, but positively influenced beta diversity through taxon turnover (i.e., ponds with crucian carp contained different invertebrates to fishless ponds). Crucian carp presence contributes to landscape-scale invertebrate diversity, supporting continued conservation management in England. Our results show that molecular tools can enhance freshwater invertebrate assessment and facilitate development of more accurate and ecologically effective pond management strategies.