Butlerglover1684

We find several lines of evidence suggesting that warm, female-producing temperatures are more stressful than cool, male-producing temperatures. Further, we find some evidence that pivotal temperatures (TPiv, the temperature that produces a 11 sex ratio) may exhibit a correlated evolution with embryonic thermal tolerance. If patterns of temperature-sensitive embryonic mortality are also indicative of chronic thermal stress that occurs post-hatching, then conservation programs may benefit from incubating eggs close to species-specific TPivs, thus avoiding high-temperature incubation. Indeed, our models predict that, on average, a sex ratio of >75% females can generally be achieved by incubating eggs only 1°C above TPiv. Of equal importance, we provide insight into the enigmatic evolution of TSD in chelonians, by providing support to the hypothesis that TSD evolution is related to the quality of the phenotype conferred by incubation temperature, with males produced in high-quality incubation environments.Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) of lead halide perovskites have generated considerable interest in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, such as light emitting-diodes (LEDs), because of their tunable optical bandgap, narrow spectral width, and high defect tolerance. However, the inhomogeneous halide distribution within individual NCs remains a critical challenge in order to obtain color-stable electroluminescence in mixed-halide systems. Here, we demonstrate a new post-synthetic approach, ligand-assisted solid phase synthesis (LASPS), for the preparation of electroluminescent colloidal NCs of methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskites, at room temperature. The slow reaction kinetics preserves the morphology, size, and shape in the resulting NCs whose emission covers the entire visible spectral region with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) of up to >90% and colloidal stability up to several months. The LEDs fabricated using the prepared mixed-halide NCs display narrowband electroluminescence (EL) ranging from 476 to 720 nm. The optimized red LEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency, η ext, of up to 2.65%, with the CIE 1931 color coordinates of (0.705, 0.290), nearly identical to those of the red primary in the recommendation (rec.) 2020 standard (0.708, 0.292).Two-dimensional oxide materials are a well-studied, interesting class of materials, enabled by the fact that their bulk layered metal oxides, such as titanates and niobates, can be easily exfoliated within minutes into 2D nanosheets. However, some promising oxide materials, such tantalum oxide, are much more difficult to delaminate, taking several weeks, due to the higher charge density resulting in stronger Coulombic interactions between the layers. This intrinsic constraint has limited detailed studies for exploiting the promising properties of tantalum oxide 2D nanosheets towards enhanced catalysis and energy storage. Here, we have studied in detail the exfoliation mechanism of high charge density 2D materials, specifically tantalum oxide (TaO3) nanosheets. Optimization of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPOH) as the exfoliation agent in a 2  1 ratio to HTaO3 has resulted in a dramatic reduction of the exfoliation time down to only 36 hours at 80 °C. Furthermore, single monolayers of TaO3 nanosheets with >95% coverage have been achieved by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, while thicker layers (ranging from several tens of nanometers up to microns) exhibiting long-range ordering of the present nanosheets have been realized through inkjet printing. Interestingly, scanning tunneling microscopy analysis indicated a wide bandgap of ∼5 eV for the single TaO3 nanosheets. This value is significantly higher than the reported values between 3.5 and 4.3 eV for the layered RbTaO3 parent compound, and opens up new opportunities for 2D oxide materials.Low cost, multinary colloidal quantum dots (QDs) based on environmentally friendly elements, with bright, narrow-width, tunable near-infrared (NIR) luminescence are promising alternatives to Cd and Pb chalcogenide QDs for in vivo bio-imaging, LED and sensing applications. Herein, we demonstrate Pb/Cd free solution-processed colloidal luminescent Ag2ZnSnS4-ZnS (AZTS-ZnS) core-shell QDs with precise control over the ZnS shell thickness and thereby its optical properties. Unlike indium based multinary (I-III-VI group) core-shell QDs these nanocrystals show a narrow photoluminescence (PL) full width at half maximum (fwhm) of 105-110 meV in the first NIR window. By monitoring the starting AZTS core size, we achieve tunable emission over a small NIR window in these QDs with the best PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 17.4%.Nanoparticles of Co3O4 and CoO are of paramount importance because of their chemical properties propelling their applications in catalysis and battery materials, and because of their intriguing magnetic properties. selleck products Here we elucidate the transformation of Co3O4 nanoparticles to CoO into nanoscale detail by in situ heating in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and we decipher the energetics and magnetic properties of the Co3O4/CoO interface from first principles calculations. The transformation was found to start at a temperature of 350 °C, and full conversion of all particles was achieved after heating to 400 °C for 10 minutes. The transformation progressed from the surface to the center of the nanoparticles under the formation of dislocations, while the two phases maintained a cube-on-cube orientation relationship. Various possibilities for magnetic ordering were considered in the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a favorable Co3O4/CoO 100/100 interface energy of 0.38 J m-2 is predicted for the lowest-energy ordering. Remarkably, the DFT calculations revealed a substantial net ferromagnetic moment originating from the interface between the two antiferromagnetic compounds, amounting to approximately 13.9 μ B nm-2. The transformation was reproduced ex situ when heating at a temperature of 400 °C in a high vacuum chamber.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are an efficient photovoltaic technology for powering electronic applications such as wireless sensors with indoor light. Their low cost and abundant materials, as well as their capability to be manufactured as thin and light-weight flexible solar modules highlight their potential for economic indoor photovoltaics. However, their fabrication methods must be scaled to industrial manufacturing with high photovoltaic efficiency and performance stability under typical indoor conditions. This paper reviews the recent progress in DSSC research towards this goal through the development of new device structures, alternative redox shuttles, solid-state hole conductors, TiO2 photoelectrodes, catalyst materials, and sealing techniques. We discuss how each functional component of a DSSC has been improved with these new materials and fabrication techniques. In addition, we propose a scalable cell fabrication process that integrates these developments to a new monolithic cell design based on several features including inkjet and screen printing of the dye, a solid state hole conductor, PEDOT contact, compact TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, carbon nanotubes counter electrode, epoxy encapsulation layers and silver conductors.