Buschlam9203

of its kind that enables reliable predictive decision making in short time windows (160ms). This reduced latency limits physiological awareness, enabling the potential for real-time, online and thus more intuitive bio-control of prosthetic devices for amputees.A method for fast estimation of radioactive source parameters is presented. Full use was made of multiple continuous count values, combined with triangulation with four-point sampling method to solve high-dimensional optimization to obtain initialized estimates, which converge to maximum likelihood estimation using an improved hill-climbing algorithm. Cobalt-60 search experiments were conducted in the laboratory using a mobile robot carrying a NaI(TI) detector. Experimental results showed that the method can significantly improve the computational speed.In this work, were determined some radiation shielding and dosimetric parameters of three types of bricks for photons energy from 1 keV to 100 GeV photons using the Phy-X/PSD software, and for comparison also has been calculated the same parameters for NBS concrete. The parameters calculated are the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), half value layers (HVL), the energy absorption buildup factors (EABF) and the exposure buildup factors (EBF), as well as the coefficients to use the geometric progression (G-P) fitting method. JPH203 mw Obtained results show that the three types of bricks can be used safely for the design of medical facilities housing mammography units (less than 30 keV).The spectrum averaged cross section (SACS) in a standard neutron field is a preferable tool for cross section validation. The presented work uses only neutron standard, i.e., 252Cf(sf) reaction neutron field, for validation of lutetium threshold cross sections. SACS were inferred from gamma spectrometry derived reaction rates. The SACS which were derived include 175Lu (n,2n)174Lu, 175Lu (n,3n)173Lu, 175Lu (n,p)175Yb, and 176Lu (n,n')176m1Lu reactions. All these reactions SACS were measured for the first time. MCNP6.2 calculations using JEFF-3.3 or ENDF/B-VIII.0 libraries for lutetium cross sections were compared with experimental data. The agreement was found very poor for all reactions under study. Thus there is a need for their improvement. The presented data can be also used for validation of the various theoretical models.Millions of tonnes of coarse tailings sand are produced every year as a byproduct of the bitumen extraction process in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. These tailings materials contain residual quantities of mobile solutes, which can be transported through groundwater to downgradient terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The anticipated ubiquity of coarse tailings sand on the post-mined landscape necessitates the characterization of its hydraulic and transport properties. Hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity was evaluated at multiple scales, and included the first field-scale tracer test conducted in a tailings sand aquifer. Average hydraulic conductivity derived using laboratory cores, single-well response tests, and the tracer test were 3.2 m d-1, 2.9 m d-1, and 3.4 m d-1, respectively. These measurements demonstrated close agreement and were consistent with expectations of a material that experiences some grain-size segregation and homogenization due to the oil sands process and the nature of deposition. The field-scale tracer test appeared to obtain the asymptotic dispersivity of the coarse tailings sand aquifer, reaching a maximum value of 0.5 m after 18 m of displacement. Coarse tailings in the oil sands that experience similar processes of segregation, settling, and deposition on the reclamation landscape could be expected to have similar hydraulic properties.

Background Despite there being an estimated 50,000-150,000 emergency department (ED) visits per year related to status epilepticus, there are limited data regarding pharmacist involvement in patient care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in time to antiepileptic drug (AED) administration and appropriate AED use and dose when a pharmacist was present or not.

Retrospective, single-center, observational study of adult status epilepticus patients presenting to the ED between January 2018 through July 2020. The primary outcome was time to AED administration. Secondary outcomes included occurrence of appropriate AED selection and dose, escalation of care, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality. Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for continuous variables and nominal data was analyzed by Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test, as appropriate.

Twenty patients were included; 13 in the pharmacist-present and seven patients in the no-pharmacist-present groups. Median time to first and second AED was 26 of AEDs. Medication doses were more guideline adherent and more patients received a lorazepam dose of at least 4 mg compared to when a pharmacist was not present.

In the emergency department, delirium associated with serious adverse outcomes is common in geriatric patients. We performed a meta-analysis and estimated the prevalence of delirium and its related factors among geriatric emergency department patients.

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and CBM databases were searched before November 7, 2021. The random-effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of delirium. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed based on continent or region, publication year, age, sample size, and diagnostic criteria or assessment methods.

30 studies involving 19,534 geriatric patients in the emergency department were included. The overall pooled crude prevalence estimate of delirium was 15.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.5-18.0%]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the region, publication year, age, sample size, and delirium assessment methods were significantly correlated with the prevalence of delirium. Meta-regression analysis showed that the publication year was positively, while the sample size was negatively associated with the pooled prevalence of delirium.

In the emergency department, delirium is common in geriatric patients. We should pay specific attention to delirium screening, prevention, and treatment in geriatric patients. Overall appropriate interventions should be utilized to reduce the occurrence of delirium and the adverse outcomes.

In the emergency department, delirium is common in geriatric patients. We should pay specific attention to delirium screening, prevention, and treatment in geriatric patients. Overall appropriate interventions should be utilized to reduce the occurrence of delirium and the adverse outcomes.

The risk of breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) persists for at least 20 years from diagnosis. Estimating the risk of BCSM over this extended period along with competing risks of death would aid clinical decision-making. We aimed to develop an interactive tool called 'ESTIMATE', to explore the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to quantify residual risks of BCSM, non-BCSM and all-cause mortality in non-metastatic, hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer patient subgroups at any given time after diagnosis, up to 20 years.

Using SEER data, we included 264,237 women with invasive, non-metastatic, HR-positive breast cancer diagnosed from 1990 to 2006. We developed a tool that provides a nonparametric estimate of the residual cumulative risk of BCSM and non-BCSM by year 20 after any specified time from initial diagnosis, among patients defined by baseline clinical and pathologic variables, using Gray's subdistribution method.

ESTIMATE allows the user to input patient and tumour characteristicsand the preferred timeframe. For example, patients in the age group of 40-49 diagnosed with T1cN1, grade II breast cancer who survived 7 years, have a 14% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.9%-16.1%) residual cumulative risk of BCSM in the next 13 years, and a 6.4% (95% CI 4.7%-8.1%) residual cumulative risk of non-BCSM over the same period.

ESTIMATE provides population-based risks of BCSM, non-BCSM and all-cause mortality through 20 years after diagnosis of HR-positive breast cancer, based on patient and tumour characteristics. ESTIMATE can inform discussions about prognosis, a balance between competing risks and aid clinical decision-making.

ESTIMATE provides population-based risks of BCSM, non-BCSM and all-cause mortality through 20 years after diagnosis of HR-positive breast cancer, based on patient and tumour characteristics. ESTIMATE can inform discussions about prognosis, a balance between competing risks and aid clinical decision-making.

It is unknown whether greater prone thoracic kyphosis increases pneumothorax risk during upper trapezius dry needling.

To fluoroscopically assess for a correlation between prone thoracic kyphosis and needle length required to reach the pleural space dry needling the upper trapezius in prone.

Cadaveric study.

Prone thoracic kyphosis was assessed using dual bubble inclinometers. A 30mm dry needle was inserted into the midsubstance of the upper trapezius perpendicular to the thoracic kyphosis. A single C-arm fluoroscopic image was obtained. This procedure was repeated with 40, 50, and 60mm needles. Images were independently viewed by a radiologist to make a binary decision (yes vs. no) whether the needle had potentially broached the pleural space.

Fifteen cadaveric specimens with a mean age of 74.9±9.7 and mean kyphosis of 21.5° ±7.7 were used. A 30mm needle never reached the pleural space. The pleural space was potentially broached on one, four and six occasions by the 40, 50, and 60mm needle respectively. The correlation between needle depth penetration and kyphosis was not significant (r=0.03, p=0.93). Longer needles (50 and 60mm) were significantly (p=0.0049) more likely to reach the pleural space than shorter needles (30 and 40mm).

Thoracic kyphosis was not correlated with needle length required to reach the pleural space. Clinicians may consider selecting shorter needles (<40mm) to mitigate potential risk while dry needling the upper trapezius in prone.

Thoracic kyphosis was not correlated with needle length required to reach the pleural space. Clinicians may consider selecting shorter needles ( less then 40 mm) to mitigate potential risk while dry needling the upper trapezius in prone.Perception of our external environment is not isolated from the influence of our internal thoughts, and past evidence points to a possible common associative mechanism underlying both the perception of scenes and our internal thought. Here, we investigated the nature of the interaction between an associative mindset and scene perception, hypothesizing a functional advantage to an associative thought pattern in the perception of scenes. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that associative thinking facilitates scene perception, which evolved over the course of the experiments. In contrast to scene perception, Experiment 3 showed that associative thinking hinders the perception of mundane objects, in which associative information is minimized. Nevertheless, object perception was facilitated when associative thinking was reduced. This double dissociation suggests that an associative mind is more receptive of externally perceived associative information, and that a match between the orientation of internal and external processing may be key for perception.