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osts at baseline. Pediatric ED visits, urgent care visits, and hospitalizations may be opportune times for initiating tobacco control interventions, which may result in reductions of preventable acute care visits.In recent years, there has been considerable growth in the provision of and demand for adventure tourism; however, research that examines the resources regarding adventure tourism is limited. A spatial suitability evaluation system for mountain-based adventure tourism (MBAT) was developed via the integration of the AHP-Delphi technique. The evaluation system parameters included resource conditions, difficulty levels, safety conditions, and ecological sensitivity. Furthermore, each parameter contained several indicators that can be quantified and visualised in ArcGIS. The results showed that suitable areas for professional adventure tourism in Xinjiang Tianshan include the Kurdening and Tomur regions, and the those for adventure tourism include the Tianshan Tianchi lake. Furthermore, suitable areas for experiential adventure tourism include the Tianshan Tianchi lake, Tianshan Grand Canyon, Jiangbulak, East Tianshan, Tuohurasu scenic area, and the Gongliu wild fruit forest, while those for mass adventure tourism include large areas in the middle and low altitude range of Tianshan. The methods and results proposed in this paper are expected to be significant for planning adventure tourism and can be helpful for mountain communities when choosing regions to develop for adventure tourism, formulating tourism development strategies, increasing tourism opportunities, and thus improving regional competitiveness.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the visual attentional behavior towards a pain-affected area and face/body images using eye tracking in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between visual attentional behavior and clinical symptoms.

Eight female patients with CRPS type 1 in their upper limbs and 8 healthy adult women participated in this study. First, the participants were asked to watch videoclips in a relaxed manner (Videoclip 1 featured young adults who introduced themselves; Videoclip 2 featured young adults touching the hand of the other person sitting across from them with their hand.) Eye movement data were tracked with eye-tracking glasses.

In video clip 1, the fixation duration (FD) and fixation count (FC) on faces tended to be lower in CRPS patients than in healthy controls. This tendency was found in patients with low body cognitive distortions. In video clip 2, CRPS patients displayed significantly lower FD and FC on the unaffected hand while watching a video of the unaffected hand being touched compared with healthy controls. Moreover, patients with low body cognitive distortion displayed significantly longer FD on the affected hand.

Some CRPS patients differed in visual attentional behavior toward the face and body compared with healthy controls. In addition, our findings suggest that patients with lower body cognitive distortion may have a high visual attention for the affected hand, while patients with higher distortion may be neglecting the affected hand.

Some CRPS patients differed in visual attentional behavior toward the face and body compared with healthy controls. In addition, our findings suggest that patients with lower body cognitive distortion may have a high visual attention for the affected hand, while patients with higher distortion may be neglecting the affected hand.The water ecology of salt marshes plays a crucial role in climate regulation, industrial production, and flood control. Due to a poor understanding of water ecology and the extensive mining of salt resources, concerns are mounting about declining groundwater levels, shrinking salt marshes, and other problems associated with the simple yet extremely fragile water ecosystem of salt marshes in arid salt lake areas. This study assessed the ecological status of water resources in the downstream salt marsh area of West Taijinar Lake in the Qaidam Basin, China (2010-2018). Using data from a field investigation, the water ecosystem was divided into an ecological pressure subsystem, an environmental quality subsystem, and a socio-economic subsystem according to an analytic hierarchy process. Each subsystem was quantitatively assessed using the ecological footprint model, the single-factor index, and available data for the salt marsh area. The results showed that water resources were always in a surplus state during thn water ecology, and the results can be useful for the rational utilization of water resources in salt marshes in other arid areas.Birds exhibit striking variation in eye color that arises from interactions between specialized pigment cells named chromatophores. read more The types of chromatophores present in the avian iris are lacking from the integument of birds or mammals, but are remarkably similar to those found in the skin of ectothermic vertebrates. To investigate molecular mechanisms associated with eye coloration in birds, we took advantage of a Mendelian mutation found in domestic pigeons that alters the deposition of yellow pterin pigments in the iris. Using a combination of genome-wide association analysis and linkage information in pedigrees, we mapped variation in eye coloration in pigeons to a small genomic region of ~8.5kb. This interval contained a single gene, SLC2A11B, which has been previously implicated in skin pigmentation and chromatophore differentiation in fish. Loss of yellow pigmentation is likely caused by a point mutation that introduces a premature STOP codon and leads to lower expression of SLC2A11B through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. There were no substantial changes in overall gene expression profiles between both iris types as well as in genes directly associated with pterin metabolism and/or chromatophore differentiation. Our findings demonstrate that SLC2A11B is required for the expression of pterin-based pigmentation in the avian iris. They further highlight common molecular mechanisms underlying the production of coloration in the iris of birds and skin of ectothermic vertebrates.