Burnetteottesen2369

We mapped the pathways for corneas involved in export and import from the point of recovery to their point of transplantation. Although generalist in nature and limited by the paucity of the existing literature, our article outlines that different business models, partnerships, and applied methods influence corneal export and import.

We mapped the pathways for corneas involved in export and import from the point of recovery to their point of transplantation. Bardoxolone IKK inhibitor Although generalist in nature and limited by the paucity of the existing literature, our article outlines that different business models, partnerships, and applied methods influence corneal export and import.

To report the long-term outcomes after phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for the treatment of bullous keratopathy.

This is a retrospective medical record review of all patients with symptomatic bullous keratopathy who underwent PTK between June 2005 and March 2019 at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital who were followed up for at least 12 months after the procedure. Medical records were used to extract demographic data, etiology of bullous keratopathy, complication rates, and subsequent procedures after PTK. The main outcomes recorded were pain and recurrence of bullae, which were assessed according to three time periods 0 to 3 months, 4 to 12 months, and greater than 12 months after PTK.

During the study period, 64 eyes of 64 patients underwent PTK for bullous keratopathy. The mean follow-up duration was 51 months (range 12-140). The most common indication was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (44% of cases). Pain had resolved in 88% of eyes within 0 to 3 months, 77% of eyes between 3 and 12 months (P = 0.031, compared with 0-3 months), and 70% of eyes with greater than 12-month follow-up (P = 0.131, compared with 3-12 months). Bullae recurred in 17% of eyes within 0 to 3 months, 22% of eyes between 3 and 12 months (P < 0.001 compared with 0-3 months), and 33% of eyes after the 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001 compared with 3-12 months). Eighty-six percent of patients undergoing PTK had no postoperative complications, and 73% of cases did not require subsequent procedures.

PTK is effective in providing long-term symptom relief from bullous keratopathy in most of the treated patients.

PTK is effective in providing long-term symptom relief from bullous keratopathy in most of the treated patients.

With rising rates of chronic noninfectious diseases across the United States thought to be associated with the average American diet, many have adopted alternative diets. Most of these diets promise weight reduction via adherence to strict dietary guidelines, often removing certain types of food. With access to a plethora of information online, it is easy for adolescents to become confused when making dietary decisions. Although these diets promise benefits, it is important to understand common shortcomings and how to overcome them for safe implementation among adolescents.

This review discusses the theory, implementation, and risks associated with intermittent fasting as well as vegetarian, vegan, ketogenic, Atkins, Paleolithic, and Mediterranean diets. These considerations are further modified for pediatric populations with a focus on the social influences on dieting.

Although these diets may be promising, successful adherence to them requires addressing possible shortcomings associated with a certain diet. Pediatricians should be aware of how these dietary strategies may be properly implemented in order to prevent any harm to the patient. Empowering the patient and their families through informational resources is recommended. Pediatricians should also discuss motivations underlying their patient's dietary changes in order to determine whether these motivations are healthy.

Although these diets may be promising, successful adherence to them requires addressing possible shortcomings associated with a certain diet. Pediatricians should be aware of how these dietary strategies may be properly implemented in order to prevent any harm to the patient. Empowering the patient and their families through informational resources is recommended. Pediatricians should also discuss motivations underlying their patient's dietary changes in order to determine whether these motivations are healthy.

Perinatal disorders include stillbirth, congenital structural anomalies, and critical illnesses in neonates. The cause of these is often unknown despite a thorough clinical workup. Genetic diseases cause a significant portion of perinatal disorders. The purpose of this review is to describe recent advances in genetic testing of perinatal disorders of unknown cause and to provide a potential diagnostic strategy.

Exome and genome sequencing (ES and GS) have demonstrated that significant portions of perinatal disorders are caused by genetic disease. However, estimates of the exact proportion have varied widely across fetal and neonatal cohorts and most of the genetic diagnoses found in recent studies have been unique to individual cases. Having a specific genetic diagnosis provides significant clinical utility, including improved prognostication of the outcome, tailored therapy, directed testing for associated syndromic manifestations, referral to appropriate subspecialists, family planning, and redirection of care.

Perinatal disorders of unknown cause, with nonspecific presentations, are often caused by genetic diseases best diagnosed by ES or GS. Prompt diagnosis facilitates improved clinical care. Improvements in noninvasive sampling, variant interpretation, and population-level research will further enhance the clinical utility of genetic testing.

http//links.lww.com/MOP/A61.

http//links.lww.com/MOP/A61.

We aim to summarize the current evidence on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the (neo)adjuvant treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), with a particular focus on surgically treated patients.

Pembrolizumab +/- chemotherapy improves the outcome in patients with previously untreated recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. Nivolumab is superior to chemotherapy after platinum failure. The addition of avelumab to chemoradiation failed to improve the outcome in patients with locally advanced HNSCC. Neoadjuvant presurgical programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) blockade is safe and associated with encouraging overall response rate. KEYNOTE-689 randomizes patients with resectable stage III/IVA HNSCC to surgery and adjuvant standard of care +/- neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab. ADHERE assigns surgically treated HNSCC at high risk of recurrence to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and either durvalumab or placebo. MK-3475-689 evaluates the role of pembrolizumab in patients with resectable HNSCC.