Brunkoenig4303

in México. More studies monitoring and control strategies of bud soft rot on A. angustifolia are required.Sarcandra glabra is an important Chinese medicinal plant, which was widely cultivated under forest in south China. Guangxi province is the main producing areas of this herb. In June 2019, a serious leaf disease was found causing severe defoliation in the S. glabra plantation under bamboo forest in Rongan country, Guangxi province (109°13'NE). About 70% of the plants in the plantation (300 ha) showed the similar symptoms. Initially, circular lesions appeared on young leaves as black spots (about 1 to 2 mm). Then, the spots gradually enlarged usually with an obvious yellowish margin (6 to 8 mm). Finally, the lesions coalesced and formed irregular, black, and large necrotic areas, resulting in the leaf abscission. For pathogen isolation, small pieces of tissue (5×5 mm) taken from 25 diseased leaves were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, subsequently, soaked in 0.1% HgCl2 for 2 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, dried, and then placed aseptically onto the potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, to the previous literatures, C. cassicola is a plant pathogenic fungus with a broad host range, which can damage diverse tropical plants including Salvia miltiorrhiza (Lu et al. 2019), Solanum americanum (Wagner and Louise 2019), Vitex rotundifolia (Yeh and Kirschner 2017), Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum (Hsu et al. 2002), Carica papaya (Tsai et al. 2015),and so on. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. cassicola causing leaf spot on S. glabra in China.Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is widely planted in the world as one of the most important leguminous forage crops, and it is also the first choice of forage crops for animal feed in Xinjiang. In June 2018, alfalfa plants with typical anthracnose symptoms were observed in 75% of alfalfa fields in Hutubi County, Xinjiang, China. The disease usually occurred in alfalfa fields that had been planted for more than 2 years and was distributed in patches in the field. The incidence rate ranged from 7.5% to 53%, and the fatality rate ranged from 0 to 3%. Greater incidence was observed in fields with older stands. At the early stage of disease, pale brown prismatic or oval sunken lesions with dark brown to black edges were observed at the base of the stem of alfalfa plants. As the symptoms progressed, lesions on stems turned necrotic, and the center of the lesion became gray-white with black dots. In severe cases, the lesion expanded around the stem, causing the upper part of the stem to break off, or wilt and die. Twenericae-borealis was reported on alfalfa in the north region of America and Iran (Damm et al. 2014; Alizadeh et al. 2015), as well as Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan and Heilongjiang Province of China ( Xu. 2019; zhang et al. 2020) . To our knowledge, this is the first report of Colletotrichum americae-borealis causing Alfalfa Anthracnose in Xinjiang, China. This finding can provide an important reference for understanding the distribution and control of this disease.Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a small tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family and it is distributed worldwide in the tropical and subtropical areas. During the summer of 2019, symptoms of fruit anthracnose were observed on approx. 90% of 250 guava trees located in backyards in Juan Jose Rios, Sinaloa, Mexico. Lesions on guava fruit were irregular, necrotic, and sunken. On advanced infections, acervuli containing salmon-pink masses of spores were observed on the lesions. Twenty fruits were collected from 10 trees (2 fruits per tree). Colletotrichum-like colonies were consistently isolated on PDA medium and 20 monoconidial isolates were obtained. Four isolates were selected as representatives for morphological characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests. The isolates were deposited in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Faculty of Agriculture of El Fuerte Valley at the Sinaloa Autonomous University (Accession nos. FAVF205-FAVF208). Colonies on PDA medium were flously reported on guava fruit in India (Sharma et al. 2015). However, to our best knowledge, this is the first report of C. siamense causing fruit anthracnose on guava in Mexico. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the diversity of Colletotrichum species on guava in detail through subsequent phylogenetic studies as well as to monitor the distribution of this pathogen into other Mexican regions.Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica), a member of family Brassicaceae, is a leafy vegetable having phenolic and other compounds beneficial to human health, such as natural antioxidants (Khanam et al. 2012). In October 2020, a field of mizuna (variety Early) on Oahu island was observed having 20-30% diseased plants. Four randomly selected infected mizuna plants, showing the symptoms of wilt and stem rot (Figure 1A-D), were collected and isolations were made to determine the pathogen. Small sections of infected stems were cut, surface sterilized with 0.6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 sec, followed by three consecutive rinses in distilled water. The tissues were macerated in a sterile 1.5 ml centrifuge tube containing 100 μl sterile water-macerated tissues were streaked onto crystal violet pectate medium (CVP) (Hélias et al. 2011) and incubated at 26 ± 2°C for 48 h. Isolated bacterial colonies that formed pits on the CVP plates were re-streaked onto dextrose peptone agar Peptone (10 g/L), Dextrose (5 g/L)nd gapA), the bacterial strains from mizuna grouped with other P. brasiliense retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database. GCN2-IN-1 research buy To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. brasiliense infecting mizuna plants in Hawaii or in the USA and is important because this species is one of the most aggressive pectolytic pathogens in the genus Pectobacterium. Understanding the diversity of different pectolytic phytopathogens is essential to formulating risk mitigation strategies as P. brasiliense could potentially pose a threat to additional vegetable crops, especially the crucifers vegetables (Arizala et al. 2019; Klair et al, 2021).