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Detailed understanding of charge diffusion processes in a lithium-ion battery is crucial to enable its systematic improvement. Experimental investigation of diffusion at the interface between active particles and the electrolyte is challenging but warrants investigation as it can introduce resistances that, for example, limit the charge and discharge rates. Here, we show an approach to study diffusion at interfaces using muon spin spectroscopy. By performing measurements on LiFePO4 platelets with different sizes, we determine how diffusion through the LiFePO4 (010) interface differs from that in the center of the particle (i.e., bulk diffusion). We perform ab initio calculations to aid the understanding of the results and show the relevance of our interfacial diffusion measurement to electrochemical performance through cyclic voltammetry measurements. These results indicate that surface engineering can be used to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries.Despite the unceasing flourishing of intelligent actuators, it still remains a huge challenge to design mechanically robust soft actuators with the characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) programmability, reconfigurability, and recyclability. Here, we utilize fully bioderived natural polymers to fabricate biomass soft actuators (BioSA) integrating all above features through an ingenious microstructure design. Olitigaltin BioSA consists of an interconnected inverse opal-mimetic skeleton of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and a continuous matrix of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), with exchangeable β-hydroxyl ester linkages at their interfaces. The hydrophilic nature and interconnected structure of the NaAlg skeleton endow BioSA with exceedingly acute humidity response and robust mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the dynamic nature of β-hydroxyl ester linkages enables the design of complex 3D structured soft actuators with reconfigurability and recyclability. Since both ENR and NaAlg are derived from natural resources, and the water-based manufacturing process is extremely facile and environmentally friendly, this work provides a novel strategy to fabricate 3D programmable intelligent actuators with both robust mechanical properties and sustainability.Forming biomolecular hydrogels with a combination of high strength and biocompatibility is still a challenge. Herein, we demonstrated a green gas (CO2)-mediated chemical cross-linking strategy that can produce a double-network cellulose/silk fibroin hydrogel (CSH) with significantly elevated mechanical strength while bypassing the toxicity of routine cross-linking agents. Specifically, cellulose and silk fibroin (SF) were first covalently cross-linked in NaOH/urea solution to create the primary network. Then, CO2 gas was introduced into the resultant CSH precursor gels to form carbonates to reduce the pH value of the intra-hydrogel environment from basic to neutral conditions. The pH reduction induced the ordered aggregation of cellulose chains and concomitant hydrogen bonding between these chains, leading to the formation of hydrogels with significantly improved mechanical strength. The CSHs could promote the adhesion and proliferation of the mouse fibroblast cell line (L929), and the CSHs proved to be of low hemolysis and could accelerate blood clotting and decrease blood loss. The CSHs with SF content of 1 wt % healed the wound in vivo within only 12 days through the acceleration of re-epithelialization and revascularization. Consequently, our current work not only reported a feasible alternative for wound dressings but also provided a new green gas-mediated cross-linking strategy for generating mechanically strong, hemostatic, and biocompatible hydrogels.High-quality, office-based spirometry provides diagnostic information as useful and reliable as testing performed in a pulmonary function laboratory. Spirometry may be used to monitor progression of lung disease and response to therapy. link2 A stepwise approach to spirometry allows for ease and reliability of interpretation. Airway obstruction is suspected when there is a decreased forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio, but there is no strong evidence to clearly define what constitutes a significant decrease in this ratio. Olitigaltin A low FVC is defined as a value below the 5th percentile in adults or less than 80% of predicted in children and adolescents five to 18 years of age. The FEV1/FVC ratio and FVC are used together to identify obstructive defects and restrictive or mixed patterns. Obstructive defects should be assessed for reversibility, as indicated by an improvement of the FEV1 or FVC by at least 12% and 0.2 L in adults, or by more than 12% in children and adolescents five to 18 years of age after the administration of a short-acting bronchodilator. FEV1 is used to determine the severity of obstructive and restrictive disease, although the values were arbitrarily determined and are not based on evidence from patient outcomes. Bronchoprovocation testing may be used if spirometry results are normal and allergen- or exercise-induced asthma is suspected. For patients with an FEV1 less than 70% of predicted, a therapeutic trial of a short-acting bronchodilator may be tried instead of bronchoprovocation testing.More than 70% of adults treated for primary hypertension will eventually require at least two antihypertensive agents, either initially as combination therapy or as add-on therapy if monotherapy and lifestyle modifications do not achieve adequate blood pressure control. Four main classes of medications are used in combination therapy for the treatment of hypertension thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). ACEIs and ARBs should not be used simultaneously. In black patients, at least one agent should be a thiazide diuretic or a calcium channel blocker. Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction should be treated initially with a beta blocker and an ACEI or ARB (or an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor), followed by add-on therapy with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and a diuretic based on volume status. Treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease and proteinuria should include an ACEI or ARB plus a thiazide diuretic or a calcium channel blocker. Patients with diabetes mellitus should be treated similarly to those without diabetes unless proteinuria is present, in which case combination therapy should include an ACEI or ARB.Genital ulcers may be located on the vagina, penis, and anorectal or perineal areas and may be infectious or noninfectious. Herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of genital ulcers in the United States. A diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection is made through physical examination and observation of genital lesions. The 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted disease guidelines provide strategies for the management of patients with genital ulcer disease. Specific testing includes a polymerase chain reaction test for herpes simplex virus; syphilis serology and darkfield microscopy or a direct fluorescent antibody test for Treponema pallidum; and/or culture for Haemophilus ducreyi in settings where chancroid is highly prevalent. Rarely, cases of Epstein-Barr virus may present with genital ulcers. Syphilis and chancroid cause genital ulcers and are mandatory reportable diseases to the local health department. In some cases, no pathogen is identified. Olitigaltin link3 It is important to consider noninfectious etiologies such as sexual trauma, psoriasis, Behçet syndrome, and fixed drug eruptions. Genital ulcers are symptomatic by definition, and the U.S. link2 Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for syphilis infection for those at risk, early screening for syphilis infection in all pregnant women, and against routine serologic screening for genital herpes simplex virus infection in asymptomatic adolescents and adults, including those who are pregnant.Case discussion is an essential part of clinical practice and medical education, and as part of patient care takes place both informally between medical staff and formally in case conferences and other meetings. Case presentations are often the most popular sessions at medical congresses and increasingly have moved to digital channels and social media. MedShr was developed to help doctors improve patient care to empower doctors to use their own smartphones to share and discuss clinical cases, whilst protecting patient privacy and confidentiality. In this review, we review the current climate of digital and social media networks used for clinical case discussion, and outline the importance of moving to a dedicated digital platform. We discuss the common drivers for digital case discussions which include multidisciplinary team (MDT) groups, diagnostic doubt, new techniques, clinical equipoise and debate and case discussion amongst professionals from different training levels and specialities. One key observation is that if clinical guidelines and published evidence tell doctors what to do, case discussion shows them how to do it in terms of drugs, devices, procedures, techniques, and applying the evidence to individuals or patient groups. We explore how MedShr works and the range of features which promote professional compliance, protect privacy and enable case-based education. We also discuss example cases, case series and discussion themes from MedShr. In summary, the MedShr platform provides a trusted, secure environment for clinicians that uses state of the art social network technology to support case discussion whilst protecting patient privacy and confidentiality.BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) without overt cardiovascular disease. METHODS A total of 80 patients with LVDD and without a history of coronary artery disease were compared with 80 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF-5) was used to diagnose and grade ED. LVDD and its relation with ED severity were assessed. RESULTS The mean age, body mass index, total testosterone, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels did not significantly differ between the LVDD and control groups (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the stage of LVDD and IIEF-5 score (r = -0.635, p less then 0.05). Additionally, the left atrial volume index, peak TR velocity and E/e' ratio were independent risk factors for lowering the IIEF-5 score. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that LVDD is significantly associated with ED. There were significant associations between the increased severity of ED and the presence of LVDD in middle-aged men.The aim of this review is to summarize and update current research concerning the safety of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) and drug-eluting stents (DESs) with paclitaxel (PTX) in peripheral arteries. The data from the large randomized controlled trials showed evidence of the superiority of DCBs over plain balloon angioplasty concerning efficacy. link3 link2 Also, the safety parameters between the two groups did not differ. link3 However, two meta-analyses identifying an increased late mortality risk after using PTX technologies were published only a short time ago (Katsanos et al, FDA meta-analysis). In contradiction, a lot of following studies (meta- analyses, real-world analysis, retrospective review) published in 2019 and 2020, did not confirm any significant difference in all-cause death between PTX and no-PTX cohorts. The safety of PTX technologies still represents the most serious and controversial issue in peripheral interventions. Until it is definitively solved further research must continue. In daily practice, recommendations for the use of PTX products include the treatment of restenosis after PTA (not of de novo lesions), the maintenance of patency of bypasses, and angioplasty for limb salvage.