Bossenskov3355

GPRASP2 seems to play a key role in the signaling of the hedgehog pathway in the primary cilium through a Smoothened-GPRASP2-Pifo complex. Identified small compound inhibitors of this complex could treat drug-resistant smoothened derived cancer forms. Deletion of GPRASP2 in mice causes neurodevelopmental alteration and affects mGluR5 regulation, reflected by autism-like behavior. Several members of subfamily 2, in complex with TRAK2 and MIRO, are involved in the trafficking of mitochondria in axons and in the regulation of their size and division, influencing the cell cycle. The essential role of GPRASP/ARMCX proteins in cellular physiology is supported by human cases of deletions, causing male neonatal lethality by pulmonary delayed development, dysmorphic face, and psychiatric and intellectual impacts in females.

In the working age population, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual loss.

The present study is aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab (IVR) versus intravitreal Dexamethasone implant (IVD) in patients with DME in a tertiary care centre over 4 months.

This is a comparative, prospective, randomized study that was done on 140 patients with macular edema confirmed on optical coherence tomography (OCT). IVD group received Ozurdex® (Allergan, Inc, Ireland) while the IVR group received Lucentis® (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) followed up at day-1 and weeks 4, 8, 12,16. Patients were divided into Group A patients were given 3 doses (monthly) of IVR 0.3 mg in 0.05 ml (n=70). Group B patients given a single dose of IVD implant 0.7 mg (n=70).

The mean number of injections given was 1 Ozurdex® per patient Vs 3 Lucentis® per patient. The maximum reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) with IVD was 167.8 µm and 138.8µm in the 2nd and 3rd monthst that early administration before the 4th month may indicate superior efficacy over the ranibizumab injection. Further randomized trials in a large sample size with a longer period follow-up would be performed to justify the obtained results in the present study.

Both intravitreal Ranibizumab injection and Dexamethasone implants were found to be safe and effective in lowering CMT and improving BCVA at the 4-month follow up in patients with DME. Since there was no recurrence in CMT in the Dexamethasone implant group, we suggest that early administration before the 4th month may indicate superior efficacy over the ranibizumab injection. Further randomized trials in a large sample size with a longer period follow-up would be performed to justify the obtained results in the present study.Burns, mechanical injuries, skin defects, poor wound healing and scars caused by chronic diseases are serious clinical issues that affect millions of people around the world. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of extracellular matrix, which is widely distributed in human body. Because of its unique physical and chemical properties and diversity of physiological functions, hyaluronic acid is widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the application of HA and HA based scaffolds in the regeneration and repair of skin tissue, as well as the application of HA in the fields of skin filler, wound healing, beauty, etc.Thiophenes are one of the abundantly found heterocyclic ring systems in many biologically active compounds. Moreover, various substituted thiophenes exert numerous pharmacological actions on account of their isosteric resemblance with compounds of natural origin, thus rendering them with diverse actions like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiallergic, hypotensives, etc. In this review, we specifically explore the chemotherapeutic potential of a variety of structures consisting of thiophene scaffolds as prospective anticancer agents.

Since its initial start on December 2019 at Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been rapidly spreading and labelled as pandemic by World Health Organization. The rate of human to human transmission of COVID-19 is far higher than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syn-drome coronavirus (MERS). With no drugs or vaccines approved for the treatment of the disease, physicians have been using the pre-existing drugs to curb the disease. One potential anti-viral agent currently undergoing numerous clinical trial is remdesivir, a nucleotide analog that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

Initially, remdesivir was granted an emergency use authorization ( EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Admin-istration for the treatment of COVID-19 with severe disease. But now, remdesivir has been granted for use under EUA to treat all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, irrespective of their severity of disease.

Initially, remdesivir was granted an emergency use authorization ( EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Admin-istration for the treatment of COVID-19 with severe disease. But now, remdesivir has been granted for use under EUA to treat all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, irrespective of their severity of disease.

Retrorsine is one of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which could be converted into a highly reactive metabolite, dehydroretrorsine, by CYP3A, and to a lesser extent by CYP2C and CYP2B.

We employed Cyp3a knockout (3AKO) mice to investigate whether the absence of CYP3A could attenuate dehydroretrorsine formation and the role of CYP2C and CYP2B in the formation.

Blood and liver samples were collected after intragastrical administration of 35 mg/kg retrorsine or saline for seven days in wild-type (WT) and 3AKO mice. Dansylcadaverine ic50 Blood pyrrole-protein adducts were semi quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The formations of glutathionyl-6,7-dihydro-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (GSH-DHP) and the activities of CYP3A, CYP2B and CYP2C were evaluated in the liver microsomes of WT and 3AKO mice before and after treatment. The metabolic phenotype of retrorsine was determined in human liver microsomes. The gene and protein expression of retrorsine metabolism-related CYP450s in the liver was measured by quantitative real-time PCR method and western blotting method.