Bojsenjones5134

4% at baseline, to 6.3% at 1 month, 8.1%, at 2 months, and 10.2% at 4 months. The whole vessel density of SCP slightly increased (not significantly) from 35.30% at baseline to 38.00% at 1 month, and then decreased to 37.85% at 2 months and 36.04% at 4 months (

= 0.29). Retinal capillary nonperfusion areas and retinal vessel density at the deep capillary plexus did not change significantly (

= 0.31 and

= 0.73, respectively).

Widefield optical coherence tomography angiography showed a decrease in retinal capillary nonperfusion areas after dexamethasone implant suggesting a possible drug-related reperfusion of retinal capillaries particularly evident in the early period.

A custom-made automatic analysis of retinal nonperfusion areas may allow a better and precise evaluation of ischemic changes after intravitreal therapy.

A custom-made automatic analysis of retinal nonperfusion areas may allow a better and precise evaluation of ischemic changes after intravitreal therapy.

To develop high-speed, extended-range, ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (UHR SD-OCT) and demonstrate scan protocols for clinical retinal imaging.

A UHR SD-OCT operating at 840-nm with 150-nm bandwidths was developed. The axial imaging range was extended by dynamically matching reference arm length to the retinal contour during acquisition. Two scan protocols were demonstrated for imaging healthy participants and patients with dry age-related macular degeneration. A high-definition raster protocol with intra-B-scan reference arm length matching (ReALM) was used for high-quality cross-sectional imaging. A cube volume scan using horizontal and vertical rasters with inter-B-scan ReALM and software motion correction was used for en face and cross-sectional imaging. Linear OCT signal display enhanced visualization of outer retinal features.

UHR SD-OCT was demonstrated at 128- and 250-kHz A-scan rates with 2.7 µm axial resolution and a 1.2-mm, 6-dB imaging range in the eye. Dyncular degeneration and other retinal diseases.

The purpose of this study was to assess how projection artifact removal (PAR) alters optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) assessment of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in eyes of patients with diabetes.

We acquired 3 × 3 mm scans with RTVue-XR Avanti (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA), which were analyzed with PAR software (PAROCTA) and without (non-PAROCTA). SCP, DCP, and full thickness retina vascular density (VD) and vessel linear density (VLD) were manually calculated using ImageJ (version 1.51). Adjusted flow index (AFI) was manually assessed for full thickness images.

Among 323 eyes of 194 patients (no diabetic retinopathy [DR] 28 eyes; mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR) 96 eyes; moderate 82 eyes; severe 32 eyes; and proliferative DR [PDR] 81 eyes), SCP VD and VLD were lower with PAROCTA than with non-PAROCTA only in eyes with moderate (VD

= 0.017; VLD

= 0.046), severe (

= 0.016;

= 0.009), and PDR (

< 0.001;

= 0.002). DCP VD and VLD were highrevious OCTA studies that have not corrected VD with PAR software should be carefully reviewed with regard to the role of individual vascular layers in differing severity levels of DR.

Develop a reproducible proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) mouse model that mimics human PVR pathology.

Mice received intravitreal injections of SF

gas, followed by retinal pigment epithelial cells 1 week later. PVR progression was monitored using fundus photography and optical coherence tomography imaging, and histologic analysis of the retina as an endpoint. We developed a PVR grading scheme tailored for this model.

We report that mice that received gas before retinal pigment epithelial injection developed more severe PVR. In the 1 × 10

retinal pigment epithelial cell group, after 1 week, 0 of 11 mice in the no gas group developed grade 4 or greater PVR compared with 5 of 13 mice in the SF

gas group (

= 0.02); after 4 weeks, 3 of 11 mice in the no gas group developed grade 5 or greater PVR compared with 11 of 14 mice in the SF

gas group (

= 0.01). HPK1IN2 We were able to visualize contractile membranes both on the retinal surface as well as within the vitreous of PVR eyes, and demonstrated through immunohistochemical staining that these membranes expressed fibrotic markers alpha smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and fibronectin, as well as other markers known to be found in human PVR membranes.

This mouse PVR model is reproducible and mimics aspects of PVR pathology reported in the rabbit PVR model and human PVR. The major advantage is the ability to study PVR development in different genetic backgrounds to further elucidate aspects of PVR pathogenesis. Additionally, large-scale experiments for testing pharmacologic agents to treat and prevent PVR progression is more feasible compared with other animal models.

This model will provide a platform for screening potential drug therapies to treat and prevent PVR, as well as elucidate different molecular pathways involved in PVR pathogenesis.

This model will provide a platform for screening potential drug therapies to treat and prevent PVR, as well as elucidate different molecular pathways involved in PVR pathogenesis.

To evaluate the impact of instillation angle and nozzle tip geometry on cross-contamination risk of multidose ocular solution bottles.

solution was passed exclusively on the outside of the nozzle to simulate contamination on the exterior of topical agents. Three drops were administered from angles of 90° and 45° from bottles with either a round or sharp tip geometry, and the cultures were examined for growth. Two-hundred sixteen cultures from nine lubricant eyedrop brands currently existing in the Brazilian market were assessed for bacterial growth.

After seven days, bacterial contamination was detected in 53.7% of cultures when drops were administered at 90° and in 70.4% of cultures at 45°. Eyedrops collected from a rounded nozzle tip and an instillation angle of 90° transmitted bacteria in 69.4% of cases, whereas those administered from a sharp tip transmitted bacteria in only 22.2% of cases (

= 0.001). At an instillation angle of 45°, contamination was identified in 83.3% of bottles with a rounded tip geometry and in only eight of 18 bottles (44.