Blackburnhove7955

Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well with realistic sample sizes.Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole, are an important group of clinically used drugs. Generally, they are considered safe without direct toxicity. Nevertheless, their long-term use can be associated with a higher risk of some serious pathological states (e.g. amnesia and oncological and neurodegenerative states). It is well known that dysregulation of the metabolism of transition metals (especially iron ions) plays a significant role in these pathological states and that the above drugs can form complexes with metal ions. However, to the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has not yet been described in water systems. Therefore, we studied the interaction between these drugs and transition metal ions in the surrounding water environment (water/DMSO, 991, v/v) by absorption spectroscopy. In the presence of Fe(III), a strong redshift was observed, and more importantly, the affinities of the drugs (represented as binding constants) were strong enough, especially in the case of omeprazole, so that the formation of a metallocomplex cannot be excluded during the explanation of their side effects.

The primary aim of this study was to gain insight in the safety profile of the new antidiabetic agents glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in daily practice. The secondary aim was to compare reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with information described in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) and to generate knowledge about characteristics, like time to onset and outcome of ADRs. This knowledge is important for drug regulators and clinical practice to understand and manage ADRs better.

A prospective, observational web-based cohort event monitoring study among first-time users of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors. Patients were recruited through community pharmacies from 2008 to 2016. Participants were invited to complete six web-based questionnaires over a 1-year periods after start of the antidiabetic agent. Questions were posed about patient characteristics, drug use, and ADRs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Then, 743 patients were included. Also 62% of all GLP-1 agonist users (total n = 119) and 33% of DPP-4 inhibitor users (total n = 624) experienced an ADR. Of the 10 most reported ADRs, for GLP-1 agonist all, and for DPP-4 inhibitors 8 were described in the drug's SPC. For 45 (91%) ADRs, the patients recovered without discontinuation of the GLP-1 agonist and 79 (73%) ADRs without discontinuation of the DPP-4 inhibitor therapy.

This study gives insight in the safety profile and ADR characteristics of the new antidiabetic agents. read more This study provides important knowledge for healthcare professionals in managing ADRs and can be directly applied in consultations in daily practice.

This study gives insight in the safety profile and ADR characteristics of the new antidiabetic agents. This study provides important knowledge for healthcare professionals in managing ADRs and can be directly applied in consultations in daily practice.

The aim of this work was to compare demographic factors, outcomes and prognosis for right-sided versus left-sided acute colonic diverticulitis.

We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus and unpublished literature to identify all observational studies comparing demographic factors and outcomes of right-sided versus left-sided acute colonic diverticulitis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020180075). We used the QUIPS tool to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Random effects modelling was applied to calculate pooled outcome data.

Analysis of 2933 patients from nine studies suggests that right-sided diverticulitis affects younger patients [mean difference (MD)  -14.16 (-17.19, -11.14), P<0.00001] and more male patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.33 (1.04, 1.71), P=0.02] compared with left-sided diverticulitis. Smoking [OR 2.23 (1.50, 3.32), P<0.0001], alcohol consumption [OR 1.85 (1.26, 2.71), P=0.002] and comorbidity [OR 0.21 (0.15, 0.30), P<0.00001] were more common in patients witr emergency surgery, recurrence and shorter length of hospital stay. More studies are required to compare the postoperative outcomes in patients with right-sided and left-sided diverticulitis undergoing emergency surgery.

Right-sided acute diverticulitis predominantly affects younger male patients compared with left-sided disease and is associated with favourable outcomes as indicated by the lower risk of complications, failure of conservative management, need for emergency surgery, recurrence and shorter length of hospital stay. More studies are required to compare the postoperative outcomes in patients with right-sided and left-sided diverticulitis undergoing emergency surgery.Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a small, single-stranded DNA virus causing fatal haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. Currently, CPV-2 is classified into CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c based on genetic variation in the VP2 gene. The CPV-2c variant has become ubiquitous worldwide and gained attention for monitoring parvoviral evolution. In this study, we characterized the full-length genome sequences of CPV-2c strains obtained from 59 dogs in Vietnam. Molecular analysis revealed that Vietnamese CPV-2c shared a common evolutionary pattern with the Asian CPV-2 clade, which is marked by genetic signature patterns in the structural and nonstructural proteins. In addition, these Vietnamese CPV-2c strains exhibited unique Thr112Ile and Ile447Met mutations in the VP1 and VP2 sequence, respectively. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the mutations of amino acid residues in both the structural and nonstructural genes have contributed to the emergence of a new clade, designated here as the Asia-IV clade. The substitution rates, estimated from a dataset containing 199 sequences over the last 42 years, confirmed that CPV-2 showed a high rate of nucleotide substitution, at about 2.49 × 10-4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year (nt/s/y), with VP1/2 and NS1/2 estimates of 3.06 × 10-4 and 3.16 × 10-4 nt/s/y, respectively. Even though no evidence of genetic recombination in these Vietnamese CPV-2c strains was established, potential positive selection sites were observed in both the structural and nonstructural genes, suggesting the viral evolutionary process has occurred in both the structural and nonstructural proteins. Genetic and evolutionary analysis of the full-length genome sequence is necessary to gain evolutionary insight of CPV-2.